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Adapting Injection Techniques to Different Genders
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
The preference and the presentation of male sexual dimorphism are broad in spectrum and more variable than in women. Injection for building up these shapes and protrusions should be well communicated and discussed between the injectors and patients. Although mandibular angle is one of the male facial traits and angular face creation is popular in the West, it is not well embraced by East Asian males because of the trade-off between angular enhancement and facial widening. For millennial and East Asian males, the targeting age for an ideal male shape could be set a little younger (Figure 9.7a and b). It is always an art to balance between masculine roughness and juvenile fullness, especially for men.
Gender Issues in Brain Injury
Published in Mark R. Lovell, Ruben J. Echemendia, Jeffrey T. Barth, Michael W. Collins, Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports, 2020
With respect to sex, humans are generally dimorphic. With few exceptions persons are either chromosomally XX and developmentally female, or chromosomally XY and developmentally male. Gender, by contrast, is represented by a continuum. A person may display characteristics considered more typical of the opposite sex. In addition, an individual’s sense of gender may change over the course of the lifespan. Gender identity and gender role can effect individual learning, activities, exposures, and access to experiences and care. Factors relating to sex and gender serve to affect health and can vary greatly across cultures.
Body Image and Body Image Disorders
Published in Mark B. Constantian, Childhood Abuse, Body Shame, and Addictive Plastic Surgery, 2018
Attractiveness is also associated with sexual dimorphism—that is, the degree to which a particular face resembles the prototype of his or her sex. In men, this means larger jaws and supraorbital ridges; more prominent cheekbones; smaller eyes; thinner lips; and wider, larger noses. In women, dimorphism indicates prominent cheekbones; smooth, hairless skin; wider eyes; higher, thinner eyebrows; smaller jaws; fuller lips; and shorter, smaller noses.11
Sex differences in the association of measures of sexual maturation to common toxicants: Lead, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2021
Casey N. West, Lawrence M. Schell, Mia V. Gallo
Despite some inconsistency across studies in this review, there are several conclusions that can be drawn. The consistency among results within sex varies by toxicant. Results on BLL are the most consistent, showing delays in sexual maturation in both boys and girls. The directionality of DDE/DDT associations shows sexual dimorphism. The presence of acceleration or delay in PCBs varies both by type of PCB congener and sex. Results for PCBs in particular highlight a continued need to determine congener specific relationships, as a specific group of oestrogenic PCBs is significantly associated with accelerated age at menarche. However, more detailed comparisons of results by individual congener are beyond the scope of this review. The differences in associations of these toxicants (a heavy metal and organochlorines) suggest different modes of action, some shared by males and females and some not. This warrants further research into the causes of sexual dimorphism in relation to toxicant exposure as this could increase our understanding of sex differences in maturation itself.
Attraction to Men and Women Predicts Sexual Dimorphism Preferences
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2020
Carlota Batres, Benedict C. Jones, David I. Perrett
It is important to note that the effect sizes we found for sexual attraction to men/women on sexual dimorphism preferences were similar to those of other factors that have previously been explored in the literature (e.g., self-perceived attractiveness). However, all the effect sizes were quite small, perhaps because the preference test was short to facilitate collecting a large sample of data per participant. Thus, while our results suggest that there are some sources of systematic variation in sexual dimorphism preferences, the effects are quite weak. This is consistent with Zietsch, Lee, Sherlock, and Jern’s (2015) finding that contextual factors (such as self-perceived attractiveness) are often dwarfed by genetic factors when it comes to women’s facial sexual dimorphism preferences.
Dihydrotestosterone regulates oxidative stress and immunosuppressive cytokines in a female BALB/c mouse model of Graves’ disease
Published in Autoimmunity, 2019
Fengyi Zhao, Liping Wu, Yue Wang, Lianye Liu, Fei Yang, Yushi Sun, Xiang Jiao, Lingyu Bao, Pu Chen, Qiangrong Liang, Bingyin Shi
Females are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases compared with males. Although the mechanism underlying this sex dimorphism remains incompletely elucidated, sex hormone is believed to be one of the important causes. Evidence shows that androgen has protective effects on a diverse range of autoimmune diseases, including EAE, thyroiditis, MS, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) [28–34]. In our previous studies, we reported that DHT alleviated the severity of GD by regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells in female BALB/c mice. To further understand the protective mechanism, we studied the DHT effect on oxidative stress and immunosuppressive cytokines in this study.