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Brazilian Bryophytes and Pteridophytes as Rich Sources of Medicinal Compounds
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Adaíses Simone Maciel-Silva, Lucas Vieira Lima
Mosses (Bryophyta) have leafy gametophytes with leaves arranged in spiral rows (Figure 7.3D). In sporophyte, complete seta development is prior to sporogenesis and elevates a terminal sporangium. Dehiscence occurs through an operculum in the majority of mosses. Stomata may occur on the sporangium wall. No elaters are found inside the sporangium, and spores generally germinate into filamentous sporelings called protonema, which can develop into several leafy gametophytes (Goffinet et al., 2009; Vanderpoorten and Goffinet, 2009). Brazilian mosses are currently represented by 276 genera and ca. 890 species (Flora do Brazil, 2020).
Sexual Reproduction in Bryophytes in Relation to Physical Factors of the Environment
Published in R. N. Chopra, Satish C. Bhatla, Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
Bryophytes are unique among land plants in that the gametophyte generation is photosynthetically dominant, with the sporophyte permanently attached to and partially parasitic upon the gametophyte. It is therefore convenient to consider the process of sexual reproduction as beginning with the development of gametangia upon the gametophyte and proceeding through gametangial maturation, fertilization, sporophyte development, and sporogenesis to the release of spores. Thereafter, spore germination and, commonly, protonema growth and bud induction must be accomplished before a new generation of gametophytes is established. All these phases are affected by physical factors of the environment which interact with inherent characteristics of the biotypes concerned to regulate the seasonal timing of the various events and to determine the success of the reproductive process.
Bacillus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Jessica Minnaard, Ivanna S. Rolny, Pablo F. Pérez
The ability of prokaryotes to sporulate is one of the evolutionary strategies to cope with stress. Spore-forming microorganisms invest considerable amounts of energy in a refined differentiation process (sporogenesis) that involves the expression of hundreds of genes in order to give a morphologically distinct cell that presents several barriers related to the resistance to physical, chemical, and biological challenges.1
Structure activity evaluation and computational analysis identify potent, novel 3-benzylidene chroman-4-one analogs with anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer activities
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Gaffar Sarwar Zaman, Hossam Kamli, Suresh Radhakrishnan, Irfan Ahmad, Hassan Otifi, Mohamad Y. Alshahrani, Prasanna Rajagopalan
Antifungal and antiviral activities of many of the chromanones are well documented. The function of secondary metabolites from medicinal and aromatic plants, like terpenes, phenols, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and ketones, strongly correlated with biochemical and physiological features of chromanones [24]. Takao et al. [1] demonstrated the effect of a series of natural and synthetic 3-benzylidene chromanones on Phytophthora parasitica inhibition and sporogenesis. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and platelet antiaggregating activities have been reported for some 3-benzylidene chroman-4-one derivatives. A very close similarity of benzylidene chromanones could be related to the naturally occurring compounds. The current study had its scope on search for new class of benzylidene chroman-4-one compounds. Established biological activity of naturally occurring compounds possessing a chroman ring system [25] suggested the synthesis of 4-chromanones [26]. The common occurrence of basic side chains in therapeutically active compounds deemed worthwhile to incorporate basic group into chromanones to evaluate biological activities. We therefore synthesized such derivatives with different substituents (compounds 45e–64e) for their antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Botrytis cinerea.