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The embryonic period
Published in Frank J. Dye, Human Life Before Birth, 2019
The two cell populations of the blastocyst, trophoblast and ICM, give rise to extraembryonic membranes and the developing organism (e.g., embryo, fetus), respectively (Figure 8.3). The origin of these two populations is the first visible instance of cell differentiation during human development. Because an adult human is made up of more than 200 different kinds of cells, it is obvious that many more instances of cell differentiation will occur during human development.
Incorporating placental tissue in cord blood banking for stem cell transplantation
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2018
Luciana Teofili, Antonietta R. Silini, Maria Bianchi, Caterina Giovanna Valentini, Ornella Parolini
The formation of the embryonic vascular system involves vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis, or blood vessel formation, occurs in the embryo and extraembryonic membranes during the third week when mesenchymal cells differentiate into vessel-forming, endothelial-cell precursors called angioblasts, which gather to form isolated cell clusters called blood islands, which are associated with the umbilical vesicle or endothelial cords within the embryo. The blood islands form small cavities and angioblasts flatten into endothelial cells that align along the cavities in the blood islands to form the endothelium. Vasculogenesis occurs when the endothelium-lined cavities fuse to form networks of endothelial channels. Angiogenesis takes place when vessels sprout into adjacent areas by endothelial budding and fuse with other vessels. The mesenchymal cells that surround the primitive blood vessels differentiate into the muscular and connective tissue elements of the vessels.
Vaginal probiotics on the outcomes of premature rupture of membranes: a pilot randomised clinical trial
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Denise Vasconcelos de Moraes, Dinalva Brito de Queiroz, José Eleutério
Chorioamnionitis is an inflammatory disease of the extraembryonic membranes, placenta, and amniotic fluid that is relatively common in PROM and clinically manifests as fever, maternal–foetal tachycardia, uterine tenderness, and foul-smelling amniotic fluid (Kim et al. 2015). The longer the time that one can delay childbirth without complications such as chorioamnionitis, the better the neonatal prognosis. The diagnosis of chorioamnionitis necessitated the termination of the pregnancy and immediate delivery. In our study, the frequency of chorioamnionitis was similar in both groups (group 1: 27.3% vs. group 2: 25%).