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Basics of Radiation Interactions in Matter
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
In an elastic collision with an atomic electron, the direction of an incoming electron interacts with an atomic electron without energy loss but with a change in direction. The probability of elastic scattering increases with the atomic number Z. Most interactions only result in a very small change in direction, leading to a situation where the incoming particle travels roughly in the same direction even if a large number of elastic collisions occur.
Help people to grow
Published in Amar Rughani, Joanna Bircher, The Leadership Hike, 2020
It becomes more challenging when there is to be a change of direction, where a new responsibility has to be taken on, or when the outcome of the task is regarded as financially or reputationally critical. The internal struggle leaders have with delegating new roles or responsibilities can involve battling with our inner thoughts about ourselves, our team and the task itself.
Interviews and interviewing
Published in Ruth Chambers, Gill Wakley, Zafar Iqbal, Steve Field, Prescription For Learning, 2018
Ruth Chambers, Gill Wakley, Zafar Iqbal, Steve Field
This chapter applies equally well to teachers themselves and to learners. These days of frequent change and upheaval in the health service provide many opportunities for health professionals and managers to expand or change the direction of their careers.
Surgical and non-surgical approaches in the management of lower limb post-thrombotic syndrome
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2021
M Machin, S Salim, M Tan, S Onida, AH Davies, J Shalhoub
However, recent evidence has prompted a change in direction. In the UK, NICE states in the 2020 clinical practice guidelines ‘Do not offer elastic graduated compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome or VTE recurrence after a DVT.’ [13]. This change stems from the publication of the SOX trial in 2014 [1]. The compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome trial, named SOX, was a placebo-controlled double-blind RCT which assigned 803 participants to receive graduated compression stockings (30–40 mmHg) or placebo stockings which were identical in appearance (<5 mmHg) [1]. PTS was defined by the Ginsberg criteria of ipsilateral pain and swelling of at least 1 month’s duration for the primary outcome. This was powered for a 10% different in risk of PTS with an expected event rate of 30% in the control arm. The Villalta score was used as a secondary outcome. A lower proportion of patients in the SOX trial had isolated popliteal vein DVT in comparison to the patient cohort in Prandoni et al. (30.3% vs. 45.5%), hence the SOX trial cohort was felt be at higher risk of development of PTS.
Physical activity and health promotion programs in the workplace: A meta-analysis of effectiveness in European organizations
Published in Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 2020
Víctor Jiménez Díaz-Benito, Frederic Vanderhaegen, María Isabel Barriopedro Moro
Due to the increasing occurrence of physical inactivity, we are witnessing a change of direction in the definition of health, as it is considered not only as something that we have to preserve but also as something that we have to develop (Breda et al., 2018). The workplace is considered a fruitful environment in which to promote physical activity and health, due to the possibility of reaching a large number of people and to the amount of time that people spend at their work (Hutchinson & Wilson, 2012). In addition, sedentariness could have a harmful impact not only on health but also on the job performance of the employees in these organizations (Schmier, Jones, & Halpern, 2006). Multiple studies have proved the efficiency of promoting health and physical activity in the workplace utilizing different variables (Andersen et al., 2013; Kerr & Vos, 1993). Nevertheless, most of them agree on the need to continue researching in order to deliver results that seem more conclusive (Vuillemin et al., 2011).
The reliability of a modified 505 test and change-of-direction deficit time in elite youth football players
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2019
Jonathan M. Taylor, Louis Cunningham, Peter Hood, Ben Thorne, Greg Irvin, Matthew Weston
The information provided here on the MDC and typical errors in M505 and CODD performance indicate limited practical utility and suggest that these tests might not be suitable for use in this population (Bernards et al. 2018; Hopkins 2000). Specifically, the MDC reported for the M505 would suggest that a change in performance of > 0.16 s would be required for a change to be accepted with 95% confidence. The MDC reported in CODD indicates that a change of up to 0.3 s would be required for a change to be accepted with 95% confidence. In both instances a change of this magnitude would be unlikely in elite youth soccer players with test–retest intervals of ~ 12 weeks commonly used. Our findings provide further evidence of the difficulties in assessing worthwhile changes in change-of-direction ability, due to the lack, and or questionable reliability of change-of-direction measures. Consequently, alternative testing protocols might be considered to assess change-of-direction ability in young football players. If practitioners insist on using these tests, the group specific typical errors and MDC's presented should be used to identify meaningful changes in performance. (Hopkins 2000; Buchheit 2016). Changes in performance that are smaller than the MDC should considered with caution, as it cannot be stated with 95% confidence that these changes are substantial.