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Test Paper 4
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
US findings are variable and range from purely cystic to solid-appearing pseudotumours. Wavy bands of delaminated endocyst (water lily sign) may be noted internally. Daughter cysts, sometimes surrounded by echogenic debris (matrix), are frequently seen. Calcifications, varying from tiny to massive, are often present peripherally.
Miscellaneous Respiratory Infections
Published in Adam T. Hill, F. X. Emmanuel, W.H.B. Wallace, Pulmonary Infection, 2004
Adam T. Hill, F. X. Emmanuel, W.H.B. Wallace
Hydatid cysts can be single or multiple. The cysts are usually spherical or oval in shape, of soft tissue density and can be up to 20 cm in size. The lesions commonly occur in the lower lobes and more commonly affect the right lung. These simple cysts can become complicated cysts, usually when the cyst develops a communication with the bronchial tree. In the early stages there is a thin periphery of air surrounding the cyst, referred to as the crescent sign. This can progress to the cyst rupturing, with the contents of the cyst emptying into the airways producing an air/fluid level. Sometimes the collapsed cyst wall is seen floating within the fluid level, known as the water lily sign. If the parasite survives, daughter cysts can develop. Occasionally the cysts can cause pneumothorax, empyema, or a lung abscess.
Pancreatic echinococcosis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
Priti Soin, Pranav Sharma, Puneet Singh Kochar
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen with and without intravenous contrast demonstrated a 4.0-cm mass appearing heterogeneously T2 hyperintense in the pancreatic head/uncinate process causing mild compression of the common bile duct. There was suggestion of linear T2 hypointensities within the cystic mass (Figures 2a–2c). No enhancement was noted on contrast imaging (Figure 2d). Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated a cystic structure with thin curvilinear floating membranes consistent with the “water lily sign,” a classic pathognomonic sign of hydatid disease (echinococcosis) (Figure 3). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for echinococcal antigen was positive. The patient was started on oral albendazole and was referred to surgery for further consultation and appropriate management.