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Digital Subtracted Angiography of Small Animals
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
Stavros Spiliopoulos, George C. Kagadis, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, G. Allan Johnson, Cristian Badea
Recent technological advances in the field of medical imaging have allowed investigators to perform various other innovative angiography techniques to address the fact that DSA is a planar imaging method. Sometimes, quantitative measurements of DSA images are difficult to make because of the overlap of nonhomogeneous x-ray attenuating structures, an inherent problem with planar imaging. Ortiz-Velázquez et al. investigated 3D rotational DSA in murine experimental models. The protocol included common carotid artery surgical exposure and cannulation, followed by angiography, which was repeated up to four times to obtain high-quality images free of respiration artifacts using an automatic injection (Angiomat 6000 infusion pump, Tyco/Covidien, MA, USA) in the clinical angiography unit (Integris Allura; Philips Medical Systems, MA, USA), with volumes ranging from 8 to 16 mL at 1–2 mL stream/s and 150–650 PSI of contrast agent. Right after the standardization of the optimal imaging parameters, the authors performed digital rotational angiography (RA) (14–2 mL stream/s, 650 PSI, and 1 s of delay). Three-dimensional reconstructions from data collected using a 180° rotational arc were performed and analyzed on a dedicated 3D RA Workstation. Rotational angiography overcomes the basic methodological problems of traditional angiography by providing accurate imaging for the spatial relationship between vessels, as well as between the vasculature and the surrounding tissues, essential for computational fluid dynamics studies (Ortiz-Velazquez et al. 2009).
Coronary imaging: Angiography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance coronary angiography
Published in Debabrata Mukherjee, Eric R. Bates, Marco Roffi, Richard A. Lange, David J. Moliterno, Nadia M. Whitehead, Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention, 2017
Joel A. Garcia Fernandez, John D. Carroll
Last but not least, rotational angiography provides the perfect platform for several advanced imaging applications, like online 3D modeling with optimal view map creation (Figure 18.1c), rapid 3D modeling, and manual or automated gated vessel reconstructions (Figure 18.6).
Functional assessment of coronary stenosis: an overview of available techniques. Is quantitative flow ratio a step to the future?
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2018
Arturo Cesaro, Felice Gragnano, Domenico Di Girolamo, Elisabetta Moscarella, Vincenzo Diana, Ivana Pariggiano, Alfonso Alfieri, Rocco Perrotta, Pasquale Golino, Francesco Cesaro, Giuseppe Mercone, Gianluca Campo, Paolo Calabrò
However, the use of 2D-QCA to analyze three-dimensional structure implies several critical limitations, for example, coronary segments can overlap, and vessel tortuosity and lesion eccentricity may result in distortions and/or errors in the diagnosis of severe stenosis; thus, using 2D-angiographic images, many of the concerns of traditional angiography persists [29]. To overcome these issues, novel imaging techniques have been developed, including rotational angiography and 3D-modeling techniques, that use two or more angiographic projections to analyze vessels anatomy and create a 3D-model [32]. Several studies tried to standardize the procedures for the acquisition of images for 3D reconstruction as much as possible [33,34]. The 3D-coronary modeling showed to be a more precise tool for the evaluation of the lengths of coronary segments than standard QCA [35]. The 3D-QCA exploits multiple images obtained from conventional coronary angiography to reconstruct three-dimensional views by a proper algorithm, and it could theoretically be able to evaluate stenosis and predict lesions producing ischemia more accurately because it examines and measures lesions from three-dimensional views.
Development of three-dimensional brain arteriovenous malformation model for patient communication and young neurosurgeon education
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018
Mengqi Dong, Guangzhong Chen, Kun Qin, Xiaowen Ding, Dong Zhou, Chao Peng, Shaojian Zeng, Xianming Deng
Construction of the brain AVM models included acquisition of imaging data, post-processing with object segmentation, and creation of a solid model. 3D CTA was used as the imaging source for the first patient, who was treated in year 2014. 3D rotational angiography was used as the imaging source for the second patient, who was treated in year 2016. The CTA or DSA data were stored in the standard DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) format. The data was then processed in a personal computer (Lenovo S3 with Intel i5 processor, China). For DICOM data translation, the Mimics software v14.01 (Materialize Corp, Leuven, Belgium) was used. The Mimics v14.01 has the ability to display 3D files to view, measure, to section, and to markup distinct properties of original 3D files for further post-processing. The images of the skull bone and cerebral vessels were extracted based on the image thresholds, by manually setting a region of interest (ROI). A 3D fusion image of the skull bone, feeding arteries, AVM nidus and draining veins was then prepared. For case 1 which was based on CTA imaging, a portion of the skull bone was removed in the 3D fusion image to observe the interior. For case 2, we can only reconstruct vascular structure since it was based on DSA data. The resultant 3D brain AVM models were converted to STL (STereoLithography; surface data as an aggregation of triangular meshes) format.
New developments in catheter ablation for patients with congenital heart disease
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2021
Mathieu Le Bloa, Sylvia Abadir, Krishnakumar Nair, Blandine Mondésert, Paul Khairy
Three-dimensional imaging with computed tomography (CT), cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or rotational angiography can provide essential information to guide catheter ablation procedures [8]. Depending on the technology used and patient characteristics, pertinent information may include the location and size of cardiac chambers, anatomic distortions (e.g., pouch or aneurysm that could be overlooked by electroanatomical mapping), vascular or baffle stenosis or occlusion, intracardiac shunt, prosthetic device, areas of calcification, and myocardial scarring. The 3D reconstructions of the heart can be merged with electrophysiological data to provide detailed electroanatomic maps.