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Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
R. G. Aswathy, D. Sakthi Kumar
The application of radiolabeled IO NPs can be used for PET as well as for MRI. The benefits of MRI over radionuclide imaging include improved spatial resolution (in the range of sub-millimeter), absence of radiation, and excellent contrast in soft tissue. The inherent low sensitivity is considered as the key disadvantage of MRI, which can be solved by PET. IO NPs with crystalline IO core encapsulated by a polymer (e.g., dextran or PEG) are being used as NP-based MR contrast agents. The synergistic application PET/MR can be used for imaging neurological disorders, several types of cancer, and also in stem cell therapy.
Health Technology Assessment and Policy for Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
The major goal of differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions is to improve patient selection for biopsy. Radionuclide imaging of the breast is proposed to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies and the inconvenience and pain associated with performing those biopsies. Also, does the use of radionuclide imaging of the breast to guide decisions about performing biopsies improve health outcomes? Similarly, if the predictive value of radionuclide imaging of the breast is high, it can also reassure patients of the absence of disease. Alternatively, if a patient refrains from biopsy of an undetected malignancy based on a false-negative radionuclide imaging of the breast, the patient may miss the treatment benefits associated with identifying early-stage disease. This represents a negative health outcome (harm). These considerations must be in light of comparisons to mammography and ultrasound as well as other scintigraphic techniques utilized for breast imaging (201T1, 111 "In pentetreotide [Octreoscan], and ""Tc IMMU-4 [CEA-scan]).
Limited Angle Slant-Hole Tomography
Published in Bhagwat D. Ahluwalia, Tomographic Methods in Nuclear Medicine: Physical Principles, Instruments, and Clinical Applications, 2020
John C. Lasher, Jack L. Lancaster, Wei Chang, Ralph Blumhardt
The initial clinical experience using Freedman’s method9, 23 showed it to be successful in demonstrating lesions not otherwise seen on conventional scans and especially helpful in determining the depth and the volume of those lesions.25, 26 That initial series consisted of patients who clearly showed lesions on conventional rectilinear scanning or on conventional gamma camera imaging. The difficulty in objectively determining whether the tomographic system was demonstrating lesions not seen by the conventional methods became apparent. In a few cases, however, the tomographic method did show the capability of demonstrating lesions not seen during conventional radionuclide imaging and did improve the characterization of the lesion in many cases. From these studies it was determined that when the tomographic capability exists, it should be used selectively to evaluate uncertain cases as a complementary alternative and not as a replacement for conventional methods.
Biotherapeutic effect of cell-penetrating peptides against microbial agents: a review
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2022
Idris Zubairu Sadiq, Aliyu Muhammad, Sanusi Bello Mada, Bashiru Ibrahim, Umar Aliyu Umar
Scientists must incorporate noninvasive strategies to integrate imaging technology with cellular and molecular biology techniques capable of collecting real-time data and observations of pathological conditions.137 CPPs in combination with other imaging agents must be able to produce high Image quality for the overall success in diagnosis. The most current available methods for generating imaging for clinical diagnosis includes X-ray, computed tomography imaging, optical imaging, radionuclide imaging (PET and SPECT), ultrasound imaging (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).138 Activating CPPs (ACPPs) is an appropriate approach for imaging and curing disease states usually associated with linker-cleaving activities such as extracellular proteases. These ACPPS are formed by the interaction of polycationic and polyanionic domains and have been used in tumor imaging.139
Cardiotoxicity in pediatric lymphoma survivors
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2021
Neha Bansal, Chaitya Joshi, Michael Jacob Adams, Kelley Hutchins, Andrew Ray, Steven E. Lipshultz
Radionuclide imaging (RNI) has been proposed and studied for screening systolic function in lymphoma survivors exposed to radiotherapy and/or anthracyclines [119–123]. This modality may be less dependent on the operator compared to echocardiography and some feel may thus be more objective, especially for comparing change over time. Cardiac perfusion and the effect of exercise on perfusion is also possible, providing quantitative information on existing damage to the heart and future MI risk. RNI’s major disadvantage compared to echocardiography is that it involves the use of ionizing radiation, albeit small doses, but the idea of which can be a barrier to survivors. RNI also cannot evaluate valvular function. Finally, LVEF as measured by echocardiography and RNI are not directly interchangeable [120,123].
Theranostic approaches in nuclear medicine: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Luca Filippi, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Orazio Schillaci, Roberto Cianni, Oreste Bagni
Although theranostics is involving a growing number of scientific disciplines, especially in the field of nanotechnology [3], this innovative medical approach is deeply connected with nuclear medicine. Radionuclide imaging, in fact, offers the unique opportunity to detect and quantify the expression of a specific tumor biomarker through the use of a certain radiopharmaceutical labeled with isotopes emitting radiations suitable for imaging and, subsequently, the same radiopharmaceutical can be labeled with a radionuclide emitting alpha or beta particles to obtain a tumoricidal effect [4]. In this scenario, the radioactive iodine (131I) perhaps represents the oldest application of theranostics, since post thyroidectomy ablation of residual differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is based on the fact that thyroid follicular cells can incorporate 131I, which is both a gamma (i.e. diagnostics) and beta emitter (i.e. therapy) [5]. Thus, the same element can be used for the detection of iodine-avid residual thyroid tissue and for therapeutic purposes.