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Non-parametric estimation of the population size using the empirical probability generating function
Published in Dankmar Böhning, Peter G.M. van der Heijden, John Bunge, Capture-Recapture Methods for the Social and Medical Sciences, 2017
In order to check the performance of our estimator we are going to analyze two data sets where the number of zeros is known. These data sets come from biodosimetry. The main objective of biodosimetry is to quantify the dose received in individuals who have been exposed to ionizing radiation. The most widely used method is the analysis of the induced chromosome aberrations, in particular the analysis of the frequency of dicentrics observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
A simplified protocol for gene expression-based biological dosimetry using peripheral whole blood
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Any radiological or nuclear emergency situation arising from unwarranted usage of ‘radiological dispersible devices (RDD)’ or ‘dirty bombs’ during an insurgent activity; or due to a nuclear accident/aggression; may lead to mass human exposure to extremely harmful ionizing radiation (IR). For handling such scenarios, an effective and rapid medical assessment/management response would be urgently needed for saving numerous lives. Biodosimetry helps in estimating the absorbed radiation dose by assessing the changes in biological endpoints or biomarkers, which is especially useful in the absence of a physical estimation of exposure levels occurring during the incident. Availability of suitable biomarkers could be utilized for segregating the exposed individuals and prioritizing them for an immediate medical intervention for an effective medical triage. This would not only save lives by providing timely estimates of absorbed doses, it could also make the utilization of available medical resources more efficient.
Medical countermeasures for radiation induced health effects: report of an Interagency Panel Session held at the NASA Human Research Program Investigator’s Workshop, 26 January 2017
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Lisa S. Carnell, Mary Homer, Keith Hoots, Heather Meeks, Pataje G. S. Prasanna, Carmen Rios, Lisa C. Simonsen, Lanyn P. Taliaferro, Lynne K. Wathen
Dr. Lynne Wathen, BARDA, gave a brief presentation on the development of radiation biodosimetry tests that may be useful during space missions or a mass casualty incident on earth. Biodosimetry is the measurement of physiological, chemical or biological markers of exposure of human tissues to ionizing radiation. It offers an added clinical benefit to patient observation for post-irradiation symptoms by estimating qualitative and quantitative absorbed ionizing radiation dose. A point-of-care (POC), immediate qualitative test can deliver dose prediction to triage low- and no-absorption victims from all others. In addition, a quantitative low- or no-exposure test delivered quickly can inform physicians in advance of diagnostic neutropenia and the onset of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Further, it can substitute a less efficient empirical treatment regimen with better-informed therapeutic management and consequently better allocation of scarce MCM resources. These two types of tests are currently under development with support from the United States Department of HHS (Larsen and Disbrow 2017). Initial assessments of test accuracy and positive/negative predictive values over a range of 0–10 Gy are underway using extensive clinical and non-clinical validation studies (Clinical Trials.gov 2017; Park et al. 2017; Jacobs et al. 2018).
The relative biological effectiveness of high-energy clinical 3 and 6 MV X-rays for micronucleus induction in human lymphocytes
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
G. Tamizh Selvan, Karthik Kanagaraj, Perumal Venkatachalam
The health care benefits derived from utilizing ionizing radiation are increasing day by day in diagnosis and therapy. While diagnostic use predominantly depends upon low energy X-rays, cancer radiation therapy (RT) has been transformed from gamma (γ) sources to high-energy electron linear accelerators (LINACs), owing to the following advantages: LINAC produces a consistent, flexible, and precise radiation beam, which can be turned off when not in use. In addition, delivery of a variety of energies with a single machine is an advantage over radio-isotope-based modalities (Bucci et al. 2005; Connell and Hellman 2009). Even though the probability for health care workers to be exposed to high-energy X-rays is less during their routine work, scenarios such as mishandling and operational human error can result in unintentional exposure to high dose X-rays to technologists as well as the general public. Biodosimetry with a rapid assay is considered as an important tool for medical management when excess-exposure over and above the permissible limits is suspected for health workers or others exposed subjects without having personnel monitoring device (UNSCEAR 2000).