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Evaluating Toxic Tort Cases
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
William P. Gavin, Mark A. Love, Wendie A. Howland
Individuals with long-term and heavy inhalation exposure to talc, such as talc miners, have been known to develop pulmonary talcosis, a form of pulmonary fibrosis caused by breathing in talc dust. Such individuals are also at an increased risk of lung cancer. This is also seen in heroin inhalation when talc is used as an adulterant.
Skin and Oral Hygiene
Published in Susan Carmody, Sue Forster, Nursing Older People, 2017
Talcum powder is not advised because the ‘aerosol effect’ of talc can cause respiratory complications, including pneumonia and pulmonary talcosis (Nam & Gracey 1972). Patients with respiratory problems or sensitivities to perfumes and scents can also experience problems with the ‘aerosol effect’ of fine perfumed powders. Other talc-related concerns include: (i) an association between talc and ovarian cancer; and (ii) local skin irritation as a result of clumps of talc gathering in moisture-laden areas.
Test Paper 5
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
A 66-year-old man presented to the A&E department with progressive chest tightness and shortness of breath. ECG was normal and inflammatory markers were normal. Chest X-ray was abnormal and an HRCT was requested. HRCT showed a diffuse interstitial pattern of small nodular opacities. All of the following may be associated with this finding, except: SarcoidosisTalcosisSclerodermaHypersensitivity pneumonitisSmall nodular metastasis
Response to Roggli et al. (2020) “Talc and mesothelioma: mineral fiber analysis of 65 cases with clinicopathological correlation”
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2020
Triet Tran, David Egilman, Mark Rigler
Srebro et al. (1995) did not collect information on either industrial or cosmetic talc exposure for either cases or the single control that was used to establish a “background” talc lung burden.3 The use of this case is problematic. Case #24 was a male military veteran who died from Alzheimer’s disease whose job and personal history was unknown and unobtainable. Control case #24 had a combined tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite (TAA) level.2 Talc is the only commercial product that contains the combination of tremolite and/or anthophyllite and/or actinolite.4 Actinolite is not present in any commercial product apart from talc. J&J estimated that over 200 million babies and parents were exposed to its baby powder during diapering.5 Cosmetic talc body powder exposures can be quite high during normal use and have resulted in fatal cases of talcosis.6 Srebro et al. (1995) did not rule out this or any other potential cosmetic talc exposure.
Response to letters regarding “Occupational exposures to cosmetic talc and risk of mesothelioma: an updated pooled cohort and statistical power analysis with consideration of latency period”
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2019
Gary M. Marsh, A. Michael Ierardi, Stacey M. Benson, Brent L. Finley
It is also interesting to note that in the most recent update of the Italian cohort, Pira et al. (2017) for the first time reported a significantly increased SMR of 6.23 (95% CI = 2.29–13.58) for pneumoconiosis among millers, whereas in previous evaluations, an excess risk of pneumoconiosis was only identified in miners (Coggiola et al. 2003; Rubino et al. 1979; Rubino et al. 1976). This finding, therefore, is suggestive of a high level of mixed dust/talc exposure among both Italian miners and millers, as the levels of free silica in the mills specifically were historically less than or equal to 2% (Rubino et al. 1976). Thus, the cases of pneumoconiosis initially identified by Rubino et al. (1976) could very well have represented cases of talcosis caused by mixed dust exposures experienced in the talc mining/milling environments. We therefore used this knowledge of a mixed dust environment, along with measured dust (talc) exposure levels reported for the Italian cohort (Coggiola et al. 2003; Pira et al. 2017; Rubino et al. 1979; Rubino et al. 1976), to point out that cosmetic talc exposures among workers would be well above those ever encountered by cosmetic talc consumers.
Pulmonary hypofunction due to calcium carbonate nanomaterial exposure in occupational workers: a cross-sectional study
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Guoliang Li, Lihong Liang, Jingchao Yang, Lihai Zeng, Zhiwei Xie, Yizhou Zhong, Xiaolin Ruan, Ming Dong, Zhanhong Yang, Guanchao Lai, Weixin Huang, Aichu Yang, Jiabing Chen, Banghua Wu, Huaming Xu, Dezhi Meng, Shijie Hu, Lihua Xia, Xingfen Yang, Laiyu Li, Sahoko Ichihara, Gaku Ichihara, Hanlin Huang, Zhenlie Huang
Each subject yielded at least three optimal measures in a sitting position. VC, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MVV, PEF, FEF 25–75%, FEF 25%, FEF 50%, and FEF 75% were each recorded. Two valid spirometry tests were selected and interpreted by an occupational physician. Individual normal reference ranges in pulmonary functional parameters were automatically calculated by Spirolab III diagnostic spirometry after input of body weight, height, and age using European Respiratory Society (ERS) standards (Quanjer et al. 1993). According to the Chinese National Standard GBT16180-2006 ‘Identification standard for disabled degree of workers’ work-related injuries and occupational diseases,’ pulmonary function was divided into four levels, including normal (FVC%, FEV%, MVV ≥80%, and FEV1/FVC >70%), mild (FVC%, FEV%, MVV = 60–79%, and FEV1/FVC = 55–69%), moderate (FVC%, FEV%, MVV = 40–59%, and FEV1/FVC = 35–54%), and severe (FVC%, FEV%, MVV <40%, and FEV1/FVC <35%). Small airway function was also divided into four levels, including normal (PEF, FEF 25–75%, FEF 25%, FEF 50%, and FEF 75% > 70%), mild (PEF, FEF 25–75%, FEF 25%, FEF 50%, and FEF 75% = 50–69%), moderate (PEF, FEF 25–75%, FEF 25%, FEF 50%, and FEF 75% = 30–49%), and severe (PEF, FEF 25–75%, FEF 25%, FEF 50%, and FEF 75% < 30%). Pulmonary function and small airway function with mild, moderate, or severe levels were defined as pulmonary dysfunction and abnormal function of the small airway, respectively. To determine the pneumoconiosis features of the lungs, digital radiographs (DR) were produced and interpreted by an occupational physician following International Labor Office (ILO) classifications (ILO 2000). Abnormal results were then interpreted independently by a radiologist and classified into the ILO categories. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT, SOMATOM Sensation 64, Siemens AG, Berlin, Germany) examinations were then performed to confirm the diagnosis of either talcosis or silicosis.