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On Effective Use of Feature Engineering for Improving the Predictive Capability of Machine Learning Models
Published in Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Shruti Jain, Meenakshi Sood, Computational Intelligence and Data Sciences, 2022
Pulmonary function tests involving results revealing lung functionality play a major role in the process of making a prognosis of the disease and the assessment of treatment effects. However, it could lead to mismanagement of the related disease and the patients affected, in the case of encountering differences in the way the lung function is expressed and interpreted [11]. Of the several respiratory lung equations that thrive to predict the expected levels of PFT parameters for a given height, weight and gender, we try to adopt the ARTP reference equations by introducing few more lung function parameters for effectively predicting asthma predisposition.
Airway Surgery
Published in T.M. Craft, P.M. Upton, Key Topics In Anaesthesia, 2021
Assessment and premedication. The likely ease of intubation should be assessed, with reference to CT or MRI scans and previous ENT assessment. Evidence of obstructive pulmonary symptoms should be sought together with their timing and frequency. Pulmonary function tests are then required. Upper airway obstruction is usually worse at night when supine and asleep, with decreased tone in the oropharyngeal musculature. A history of sleep disturbance or sleep apnoea should be sought especially in children for tonsillectomy. They may develop airway obstruction with opioids and require post-operative ventilation. Sedative premedication is avoided. The ECG may show right ventricular strain and hypertrophy.
Preoperative risk assessment
Published in Sachinder Singh Hans, Mark F. Conrad, Vascular and Endovascular Complications, 2021
Pulmonary complications are common after major vascular procedures, especially those involving a thoracic or thoracoabdominal incision. Active smokers are counseled to stop smoking for at least 2 weeks prior to moderate and high-risk procedures to decrease the risk of pulmonary complications. However, the risk continues to decrease with longer abstinence from tobacco use. Indeed, patients are at highest risk for complications within the first 2 months of quitting smoking and their risk becomes similar to a non-smoker after 6 months. For patients with long standing tobacco use, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or poor baseline respiratory function (unable to walk 1 flight of stairs), preoperative pulmonary function tests are recommended in addition to obtaining a baseline arterial blood gas. These patients should also be started on pulmonary bronchodilators for at least 2 weeks prior to intervention.2
The diagnostic trajectories of Danish patients with autoimmune rheumatologic disease associated interstitial lung disease: an interview-based study
Published in European Clinical Respiratory Journal, 2023
MB Johansen, E Bendstrup, JR Davidsen, SB Shaker, HM Martin
Many patients report to be treated repeatedly for respiratory infections or more common lung diseases like COPD, heart failure and asthma even though they report no improvement, a tendency that previously has been observed also in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) based on prescription data and patient interviews [15,30]. Similar reasons for delay were also reported in an IPF cohort, where many patients experienced multiple erroneous differential diagnoses like asthma, emphysema and COPD, resulting in a diagnostic delay of more than one year for the majority of patients before they were diagnosed with IPF [15,31]. ARD-ILD are rare diseases and less than 1,500 Danish patients from a background population of 5.83 million were diagnosed with ARD-ILD between 2000–2015 [32,33]. Therefore, most GPs will only see very few patients with ARD-ILD during their career. However, this emphasises the importance of performing pulmonary function tests to prove or rule out obstructive lung diseases and to refer patients with respiratory symptoms for further diagnostic work-up by pulmonologists if investigations are incompatible with more common lung disease such as COPD or persistent ‘pneumonia’ without effect of antibiotic treatment.
Management of COPD patients during COVID: difficulties and experiences
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Mario Cazzola, Josuel Ora, Andrea Bianco, Paola Rogliani, Maria Gabriella Matera
In patients with COPD, pulmonary function tests should only be carried out in cases of urgent need in order to avoid unnecessary risk to both patients and technicians [79]. Alternatively, it has been suggested the use of a peak flow meter for self-monitoring the lung function [80] although it does not correlate well with the results of spirometry, and also phone-based applications to conduct 6-min walking tests with oxymetry monitoring [81]. While there is still no alternative to conventional testing that is valid for all patients, lung function can be measured remotely using portable electronic spirometers or novel digital health tools such as smartphone microphone spirometers [79]. Measurements of exhaled nitric oxide and airwave oscillometry can also be performed using portable devices. All alternatives have a cost that is often not manageable by the patient.
Feasibility of hypofractionated radiotherapy in inoperable node-positive NSCLC patients with poor prognostic factors and limited pulmonary reserve: a prospective observational study
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2021
Chukwuka Eze, Julian Taugner, Nina Sophie Schmidt-Hegemann, Lukas Käsmann, Julian Elias Guggenberger, Olarn Roengvoraphoj, Maurice Dantes, Arteda Gjika, Minglun Li, Claus Belka, Farkhad Manapov
Patients were assessed prior to treatment, twice per week during the course of treatment to monitor toxicity and 4–6 weeks after completion of treatment. A pulmonary function test was performed 4–6 weeks after initial treatment and on follow-up if indicated. A physical examination and whole-body PET/CT or CT of the chest/upper abdomen were performed every 3 months for the first 2 years, every 6 months for years 3/4, and annually thereafter. Non-haematological toxicity was classified per common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 5.0 assessed twice per week during treatment, 6 weeks after completion, and every three months for the first 2 years following Hypo-IGRT. Treatment response was assessed on the first follow-up imaging per RECIST 1.1.