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Preclinical and Clinical Safety Assessment of Transdermal and Topical Dermatological Products
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Lindsey C. Yeh, Howard I. Maibach
Breath analysis is able to determine topical bioavailability of a substance virtually instantaneously. Following topical exposure, expired air is measured through a system that analyzes the exhaled air. Chemical components that are exhaled are detected following dermal exposure. Breath analysis can be used to detect expiration of volatile organic compounds up to every four seconds after dermal exposure. The Teledyne 3Dq Discovery ion-trip mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric sampling glow discharged ion source is a system that is available for this type of analysis (Poet et al., 2000).
Artificial Olfactory Systems Can Detect Unique Odorant Signature Of Cancerous Volatile Compounds
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
The most obvious application of breath analysis is associated with the diagnosis of lung cancer and other lung diseases, as the lungs are directly connected with the airways through where the breath is exhaled. Approximately two-thirds of the breath analysis studies were conducted on lung cancer (Krilaviciute et al., 2015). The first study dates from some more than 10 years ago, when Di Natale et al. (2003) (Di Natale et al., 2003) used the LibraNose to discriminate between lung cancer patients (35 individuals) and a reference group (16 individuals); they obtained 100% correct classification of the lung cancer patients and 94% correct classification of the reference group employing the Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis algorithm.
A review on human body fluids for the diagnosis of viral infections: scope for rapid detection of COVID-19
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Sphurti S Adigal, Nidheesh V Rayaroth, Reena V John, Keerthilatha M Pai, Sulatha Bhandari, Aswini Kumar Mohapatra, Jijo Lukose, Ajeetkumar Patil, Aseefhali Bankapur, Santhosh Chidangil
Early diagnosis of diseases always benefits better treatment and faster recovery, in case of COVID-19, early quarantine, and minimization of spread of the disease. Social distancing, wearing mask, frequent washing of hands with soap, and the usage of sanitizer are the possible way to avoid the deadly epidemic. Presently, the time-consuming RT-PCR of throat swab is the gold standard for detection of COVID-19. Studies are progressing in different parts of the world to detect COVID-19 spread through different body fluids. Therefore, there is a large scope of analyzing different body fluids. Blood, saliva, urine, ocular fluids, and sputum are the major body fluids that are used for different disease diagnosis. If the swab sample can be replaced with saliva/tears, the discomfort caused due to sample collection can be avoided. Similarly, breath analysis is another promising technique where the breath VOC will give valuable information about the health conditions. Since COVID-19 mostly affect the lungs, the VOC emanating from the lungs can probably give information about COVID-19 infection including asymptomatic condition and prognosis of the patient undergoing treatment. Our brief review strongly recommends the application of saliva/tears and exhaled breath as clinical samples using technics such as HPLC-LIF, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and e-Nose, respectively, for the fast diagnosis of viral infections.
Cancer breath testing: a patent review
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
K. M. Mohibul Kabir, William A. Donald
The use of colorimetric sensors for cancer breath testing has been limited owing to the relatively high detection limits and limited specificity of such methods. In US 20160245797 A1 [84], a colorimetric sensing method was described to analyze various VOC biomarkers related to some cancers that had the potential to overcome some limitations associated with conventional colorimetric sensors. Exhaled breath samples were collected and directed through a disposable cartridge containing a two-stage interactant system. The system contains light sensitive materials such as sodium nitroprusside, dinitrophenylhydrazine, sodium dichromate, pararosaniline, bromophenol blue, dischloroisocyanourate, sodium salicylate, sodium dichromate, crystal violet, and benzyl mercaptan. VOCs can react with the first interactant to produce an intermediate which can react with the second interactant, which results in a color change that can be detected optically. This method has the advantage that the breath analysis is relatively simple and fast. By the discovery of many more different interactant systems, it may be possible to significantly improve the specificity of such sensors by use of an optical array. However, the limits of detection are many orders of magnitude higher than MS-based approaches.
Breath analysis in respiratory diseases: state-of-the-art and future perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2019
Panaiotis Finamore, Simone Scarlata, Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
Breath analysis can provide valuable information on many open questions about respiratory diseases, from the identification of treatable traits in chronic airways diseases to the power of reducing false positives in lung cancer screening programs, or bedside definition of patients’ lung infection or colonization. In addition, new fields of application are emerging (such as lung microbiome). Being noninvasive, low cost, and easy, breath analysis will represent a promising approach to respiratory diseases.