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Biology, emotion and stress
Published in Tony Cassidy, Stress, Cognition and Health, 2023
Psychological impact through immune suppression has also been investigated in the development and progression of cancer (Andersen, Kiecolt-Glaser & Glaser, 1994). Clearly there are a great many different types of cancer, so much so that it is difficult to consider them as a homogeneous group at all. Depression has been shown to suppress immune function, and there is some evidence that depression is also a factor in the aetiology of cancer (Persky, Kempthorne-Rawson & Shekelle, 1987). This seems to be more related to non-clinical depression, which fits better with a stress model (Bieliauskas & Garron, 1982). Again the findings are inconsistent and may be due to a failure among researchers to distinguish between types, severity and stage of the cancer. For example, it seems very likely that in the later stages of the disease, biological damage will tend to reduce the effectiveness of psychological factors. Two studies have shown an impact of psychological intervention. In one, immune function was enhanced in a treatment compared to a non-treatment control group over a six-month period (Fawzy et al., 1993). In the second, the treatment group showed an average eighteen-month survival advantage over the non-treatment controls (Spiegel, Bloom, Kraemer & Gotthel, 1989).
The Psychological Aspect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Published in Adam Gledhill, Dale Forsdyke, The Psychology of Sports Injury, 2021
It has also been shown that athletes who have not been injured are concerned about their chance of being injured in the future. This is most salient for those who participate in high-risk sports, and this concern may be informed by seeing numerous teammates suffer from injury (Phelan et al., 2019). Therefore, some amount of fear associated with returning to sport after ACL injury and reconstruction surgery should be viewed as a normal part of the recovery process. Indeed, a degree of caution may be protective if it means that the athlete does not prematurely or recklessly resume sport without full consideration of the function of their knee (Ardern, Kvist et al., 2015). However, when the level of fear or psychological dysfunction either restricts participation or causes heightened distress targeted psychological intervention may be considered.
Psychology of Trauma
Published in Kenneth D Boffard, Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care, 2019
For those patients who are ventilated and sedated, the clinical psychologist will begin working with the family. Once the patient's sedation is lifted, the clinical psychologist will begin assessing and subsequently treating the patient. It is not necessary to wait for the patient to be weaned from the ventilator, become distressed, or personally request psychological assistance before intervening. All trauma patients can benefit from some form of psychological intervention. When patients and family members receive psychological intervention, they are more cooperative with other members of the team, and there are less family ‘explosions’, sabotage, and fighting with staff.
Is it Possible to Reduce Pain-Related Fear in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis? a Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Javier Martinez-Calderon, Mar Flores-Cortes, Jose Miguel Morales-Asencio, Consolación Pineda-Galán, Maria Carmen García-Rios, Marcelino Torrontegui-Duarte, Alejandro Luque-Suarez
Interventions that were designed to modify behaviors, cognitions, and emotions in response to pain were labeled as “psychological intervention” (e.g. cognitive-behavioral therapy). Interventions that were developed to manage pain through movement were labeled as “exercise intervention” (e.g. aerobic exercise) (Booth et al., 2017). Interventions that were designed to help individuals manage their pain by providing access to geographically distant healthcare providers who can remotely monitor pain symptoms were labeled ‘telecare intervention’ (Kroenke, 2012; McGeary, McGeary, and Gatchel, 2012). Interventions that combined different approaches to manage pain were labeled as “multicomponent intervention” (e.g. cognitive-behavioral therapy plus aerobic exercise). Surgical procedures were also considered as an intervention category.
Enhancing Connections between Clinicians and Research in Hypnosis Practice: Strategies for Practice and Training
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2023
Lindsey C. McKernan, Elizabeth G. Walsh
In clinical trials, adverse events comprise any untoward or unfavorable physical or psychological occurrence in a participant, including any abnormal sign, symptom, or disease temporarily associated with research participation, whether considered related to the research or not (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007). With psychological treatments, “harm” to participants from an intervention involves a sustained deterioration caused directly by the psychological intervention (Duggan et al., 2014). This definition acknowledges that temporary discomfort often occurs as a part of psychological change (Greenberg & Safran, 1989). Adverse events in hypnosis trials are nonexistent or extremely minor (Bollinger, 2018). In the Task Force survey, clinicians reported encountering adverse events with clients more frequently in practice than research evidence suggests. However, the incidence of these events remained relatively low. Clinicians reported encountering adverse events in a small proportion of clients treated (generally less than 5% of clients). For most cases, respondents characterized adverse events as “mild” and transient in nature. The type of adverse events reported by clinicians ranged from affective distress to constitutional symptoms and trauma-related sequelae.
Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on the burden and quality of life of informal caregivers of hemodialysis patients: a systematic review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Ana Bártolo, Helena Sousa, Oscar Ribeiro, Daniela Figueiredo
Results also emerged through psychological intervention [29,41] with benefits on care burden and secondary outcomes such as self-efficacy and negative and positive outcomes expectancies. These effects were larger after the intervention, declining over time [29,41]. However, like the findings obtained for psychoeducational approaches, the effects of psychological intervention on reducing the burden remained significant up to two months after the intervention. More specifically, Hoseinigolafshani et al. [41] examined the effectiveness of an innovative logotherapy intervention that seems promising for decreasing burden. In recent years, logotherapy has been an important contribution to care provision in chronic disease [44]. Group logotherapy in particular has helped cancer patients and their families to find meaning in their lives, promoting their adaptation to the disease and its requirements [45]. Thus, considering the results found, further studies are needed to explore the benefits of integrating logotherapy with other effective approaches and/or techniques more commonly used in this context [46].