China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Lifestyle Medicine in the Care of Adolescent Girls
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Neeta B. Agarwal, Michelle Dalal
Some stressors are short-lived and can trigger fight or flight reactions. Long-term stress can lead to physiological effects on the body. For girls, stress may influence menstrual cycles. Periods may be irregular, heavy, and associated with more pain. Stress may lead to irritability, anger, and difficulty concentrating as well as mood concerns such as depression, anxiety, body dysmorphic disorder, and eating disorders. Stress can lead to physical and mental health changes and can impact important self-preservation functions: appetite may change and food choices may be less healthful, sleep may be altered in quality and quantity, and PA may be deprioritized. Teens may engage in risky behaviors, including alcohol and illicit substance use, and relationships may be compromised.
Burnout in Doctors
Published in Clare Gerada, Zaid Al-Najjar, Beneath the White Coat, 2020
The measure of burnout most often used is the Maslach Burnout inventory (MBI), though there are many others. It was originally designed by the social psychologist Christina Maslach and consists of a 22-item questionnaire in three areas: emotional exhaustion, EE (loss of enthusiasm for work); depersonalisation, DP (negative, unfeeling and impersonal responses towards recipients, lack of empathy and sometimes viewing people as objects); and personal accomplishment, PA (feeling ineffective at work).6
Beyond the Blues
Published in Rosa Maria Quatraro, Pietro Grussu, Handbook of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, 2020
Rosa Maria Quatraro, Pietro Grussu
Insofar as the possibility of identifying and using specific tools for the detection of maternity blues is concerned, the research group of Mike O’Hara at the University of Iowa (Buttner et al., 2012) has developed the Daily Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ). This tool has shown itself to be particularly useful for the detection of mood variability present in postpartum women, by identification of the Positive Affect (PA) and the Negative Affect (NA).
The Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship Between Affect and NSSI
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2022
Ashley Slabbert, Penelope Hasking, Lies Notebaert, Mark Boyes
The interplay between positive affectivity and appraisal appears to be important in differentiating people who have recently self-injured from both individuals who endorse a lifetime history of NSSI and those with no history of NSSI. Specifically, positive affectivity appears to provide a protective effect against one’s negative perception of their distress such that individuals who experience greater positive affectivity on a day-to-day basis are less likely to engage in self-injury despite perceiving their distress as unacceptable. Positive affectivity and absorption also worked together to predict recent self-injury. Again, positive affectivity appears to be protective, but only for individuals who do not allocate a greater amount of attention to their distress. Improving individuals’ capacity to control the extent to which they think about their distress may assist in reducing the likelihood of them self-injuring, particularly if they experience greater positive affectivity on a day-to-day basis.
Task Enjoyment as an Individual Difference Construct
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2021
Thomas Czikmantori, Marie Hennecke, Veronika Brandstätter
Third, the category “personality and self-regulation” included the Big Five personality traits (McCrae & Costa, 1987), flow frequency in everyday life (Allensbacher Markt- und Werbeträgeranalyse [AWA], 1995–2000), trait self-control (Tangney et al., 2004), and self-motivation ability (Kuhl & Fuhrmann, 2004). The Big Five encompass neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Neuroticism and extraversion items load on the same factors as trait negative affectivity/BIS and positive affectivity/BAS, respectively (Elliot & Thrash, 2002); thus, we extended the according arguments to these personality traits. Openness showed links to experiencing interest (Mitte & Kämpfe, 2008), joy, and awe (Shiota et al., 2006), which contribute to task enjoyment. We had no expectations regarding agreeableness. Frequency of flow in everyday life was used as a proxy for the autotelic personality, which might predict not only the experience of flow but also task enjoyment more generally.
Marginal relationship between affective dispositions and neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Christine Mohn, Anna-Karin Olsson, Madeleine Johansson, Hawar Moradi, Lars Helldin
Treatment of SSD is primarily targeted to reduction of positive psychosis symptoms, e.g. hallucinations and delusions. Despite successful symptom reduction, real-world function often remains poor in these patients, with large sub-groups being unable to live independently, study or work in a non-sheltered environment, or forming close personal relationships. A common explanation is the low response of negative symptoms, e.g. withdrawal and avolition, to antipsychotic medication. We suggest that another, not mutually exclusive, explanatory factor for poor real-world function in spite of positive symptom improvement may be dysfunctional affective dispositions. Positive (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) may influence a large number of health variables, e.g. experiences of symptoms, choice of coping strategies, and treatment-seeking behaviour [2,3]. In particular, a high level of PA, i.e. feelings of energy, control, and enthusiasm, induces a positive outlook and interest in the situation at hand. On the other hand, a high level of NA, i.e. worry, shame, and irritability, is related to stress and discomfort.