China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sensory Analysis Applied to Cosmetic Products
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Regina Lúcia F. de Noronha, Heather A.E. Benson, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva
The paired comparison test (or directional difference test; ASTM E2164-08) (ASTM, 2008) is a forced choice test (the assessor must choose one answer) that tests for a specific sensory characteristic between two samples (product gloss, intensity of fragrance, etc.). The samples should be in rank order of presentation (order AB and BA repeated the same number of times) and the probability of random success is 50%. Figure 24.3 shows a score sheet for a paired comparison test of soap fragrance intensity. A significant difference between the samples is deemed to occur at 5% significance.
Consumer Research Techniques
Published in Dale H. Johnson, Hair and Hair Care, 2018
Unlike monadic designs, in a paired comparison test consumers compare two products to each other. They use both products before they answer any questions. The advantages of a paired comparison test are (a) it is highly sensitive to product differences, (b) it is easier to understand and explain which product is better, and (c) it is often the required type of research in claims support (consult with your legal counsel).
Analysis of Repeated Measures Data
Published in K. V. S. Sarma, R. Vishnu Vardhan, Multivariate Statistics Made Simple, 2018
K. V. S. Sarma, R. Vishnu Vardhan
The univariate paired comparison test is one such example where the response to a treatment is measured before and after giving a treatment. Since the same measurement is made on the same individual under different conditions, the data values cannot be considered as independent.
The effect of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Consecutive or intermittent days?
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
For descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation or median and smallest-largest values were given for numerical variables, while number and percentage values were given for categorical variables. Normality assumption was analysed using the Shapiro–Wilks test. Whether there was a difference between the two groups was examined by the independent samples t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test, and whether there was a difference between three or more groups was examined by one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal–Wallis test. The repeated measures analysis of variance or the Friedman test was used to examine whether there was a difference in repeated measurements. A paired comparison test was used to identify the group/groups that made a difference when there was a difference between the groups. The level of significance was accepted as p < 0.05. Analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS v.21.
Subjective criteria underlying noise-tolerance in the presence of speech
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Carol L. Mackersie, Nahae Kayden Kim, Stephanie A. Lockshaw, Megan N. Nash
Paired comparisons. During the paired-comparisons portion of the test, each domain was paired with another domain (loudness, annoyance, distraction, interference). A screen shot from one trial of the paired comparisons portion of the test is shown in Figure 1. Participants were asked to select the member of each pair that was more responsible for the decision regarding noise tolerance. As shown in the figure, the specific instructions were ‘Which of the following was more responsible for non-acceptance of the noise?’ For the example shown in the figure, participants had to select one of the two noise domains shown. Each of the four domains was paired to each of the other domains twice per test (12 comparisons). A paired-comparison score was calculated for each domain. This was the proportion a given domain was selected out of the total possible opportunities for selection. For example, if a given domain was selected 11 out of 12 times the domain was compared, the paired comparison score would be 0.92.
Patients’ preferences for the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders: a systematic review of discrete choice experiments
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2020
Maike Tünneßen, Mickaël Hiligsmann, Stephanie Stock, Vera Vennedey
Search terms for DCEs were based on previous reviews27,35,36 and included terms for DCEs such as “conjoint analysis”, “conjoint measurement”, “conjoint studies”, “conjoint choice experiment”, “part-worth utilities”, “functional measurement”, “paired comparison”, “pairwise choices”, “discrete choice experiment”, “discrete choice model(l)ing”, “discrete choice conjoint experiment” and “stated preference”. These terms were combined with subject headings and free text terms for “depression” and “anxiety”. Respective MeSH-terms for MEDLINE and PsychInfo, and EMTREE-terms for EMBASE were used to include all synonyms for DCEs and depression or anxiety treatment. The full electronic search strategy for both databases is displayed in Supplementary Material, Appendix A.