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Current issues in understanding sexual victimization
Published in Rachel E. Lovell, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Sexual Assault Kits and Reforming the Response to Rape, 2023
The issue of trauma and memory has been long debated and studied in the literature (see Crespo & Fernandez-Lansac, 2016 for a review). Issues of false memory, suggestibility, and recall have been studied and written about extensively (e.g., Brainerd & Reyna, 2005; Williams & Banyard, 1999). Traumatic events are associated with periods of forgetting or failure to recall the event at all, called traumatic amnesia, in a significant percentage of victims (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Psychological defenses of denial, dissociation, depersonalization, and repression/suppression impact memory as well. These defenses disrupt the normal integration of cognitive function, including memory, perception, consciousness, and behavior, often following a traumatic event (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Weaving a life
Published in Patricia A. Murphy, A Career and Life Planning Guide for Women Survivors:, 2020
If you are an incest or molestation survivor considering filing a civil suit, you will find yourself dealing with the chaos and confusion this organization has caused. Attorneys are taking this all very seriously even though there is no such diagnosis as “false memory syndrome” in any recognized psychiatric or psychological literature such as the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as published by the American Psychiatric Association.
MRCPsych Paper A1 Mock Examination 4: Answers
Published in Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger CM Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri
Explanation: False memory syndrome describes a condition in which a person’s identity and relationships are affected by memories that are factually incorrect but strongly believed. During clinical interview and psychotherapy, the interviewer or therapist should avoid leading questions which may suggest false memory. It is not a recognized diagnostic criterion in ICD-10.
Oversimplifications and Misrepresentations in the Repressed Memory Debate: A Reply to Ross
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2023
Henry Otgaar, Olivier Dodier, Maryanne Garry, Mark L. Howe, Elizabeth F. Loftus, Steven Jay Lynn, Ivan Mangiulli, Richard J. McNally, Lawrence Patihis
Finally, Ross (2022) brushed away the importance of mechanisms that might explain dissociative amnesia. Specifically, he wrote that “a postulated mechanism can neither validate nor invalidate a phenomenon.” But when it comes to phenomena, mechanism is the difference between plausible and magical. What Ross proposed, of course, puts no limit on accepting any phenomena as having a legitimate origin. When people start burnishing the reality of putative phenomena by declaring their existence is “not allowed by science,” we are not far off from accepting claims of witchcraft, alien abductions, or the idea that shooting a beam of energy out of your eyes could open your garage door (Ross, 2007, 2010, n.d.). And even if there is more than one potential mechanism underlying a non-controversial phenomenon, that situation alone is insufficient to question the validity of a phenomenon. Take, for example, the phenomenon of false memory. A multitude of experiments show the existence of this phenomenon (e.g., Loftus, 2005) but whether these memories are caused by source monitoring errors, spreading activation, or some combination does not mean false memories do not exist. But it is an entirely different picture when this discussion is about a controversial phenomenon such as dissociative amnesia, which is both a descriptive and an explanatory concept (Mangiulli et al., 2022). The entire idea of dissociative amnesia is controversial because it assumes that traumatic memories are successfully stored but lie dormant and inaccessible in pristine form, sometimes for many years.
Childhood Sexual, Emotional, and Physical Abuse as Predictors of Dissociation in Adulthood
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2021
Mary-Anne Kate, Graham Jamieson, Warwick Middleton
Despite strong empirical evidence linking childhood trauma to dissociation, the etiology of dissociation and DDs is contested. The fantasy model, also known as the sociocognitive model, was developed by Spanos (1996) who proposed that both recovered memories of sexual abuse and dissociative identity disorder (DID), and the recollections of childhood trauma that gave rise to it, were imagined, not real, and generated by suggestive techniques and/or influences. Spanos developed his theory at the height of the so-called memory wars that contested the veracity of recovered memories of sexual abuse. No empirical evidence of a false memory syndrome was ever found (Middleton et al., 2005), and the landmark Lost in the Mall study that is held up as evidence of the syndrome “failed to convincingly implant memories of getting lost in any of the study participants” and the study’s author Elizabeth Loftus herself admitted the results could not be applied beyond the study participants (Crook & McEwen, 2019, p. 12). The fantasy model evolved over the years, and its proponents now accept the possibility that certain recovered memories may be as genuine and accurate as continuous memories (Lynn et al., 2014). While false memory syndrome was never a medically recognized syndrome, DDs were retained in revisions of the diagnostic manual for mental disorders (DSM) with amnesia for trauma and other autobiographical events remaining a central feature (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013).
Deep Fakes and Memory Malleability: False Memories in the Service of Fake News
Published in AJOB Neuroscience, 2020
There is substantial literature relating to false memory therapy (FMT) (Andrews and Berwin 2017), particularly in the service of improving behavior or attitudes. Further, the public’s general acceptance of FMT has been assessed by some. It has been shown that there is a wide range of acceptance of the technology. Although some are enthused, many are not accepting of manipulating memories, even for positive outcomes (Nash et al. 2016).