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Common otology viva topics
Published in Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Advanced ENT Training, 2019
Tympanometry measures TM compliance and may highlight effusion, perforation or ossicular discontinuity. Stapedial reflexes may be absent in otosclerosis. Speech discrimination testing is much more commonly used in North America. Many consultants undertake a high-resolution CT scan, which may (though not necessarily) detect otospongiosis at the fissula ante fenestram, and also provides information on middle ear anatomy and any alternative diagnoses.
Ipsilateral vs Contralateral Presentation of Familiarization Trials in a Lower-Limb Proprioception Test
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2020
Nan Yang, Roger Adams, Gordon Waddington, Jia Han
The secondary purpose of the current study was to compare the performance between two conditions of participants in ankle movement discrimination testing: familiarized and unfamiliarised. The current results confirmed the hypothesis that the familiarization session has a significantly beneficial effect on the subsequent proprioception test, which suggests that the proprioceptive information obtained in the familiarization session can be stored in the memory and then be used in the following testing procedures. However, the proprioceptive scores observed here for the unfamiliarised second side are similar to the familiarized second side, indicating that as much can be learned in a test session without feedback as is learned in a familiarization session with feedback. Consistent with this, in participants who did not experience familiarization, the proprioceptive scores for the second tested ankle were significantly better than that of the first tested one. From these results, it can be inferred that in movement discrimination proprioception tests, there is learning effect from the test itself, which means that, in the unfamiliarised group, the test occurring on the first side (one side) provides proprioceptive information that can be used in the next test.
The characteristics of monosyllable recognition in Mandarin-speaking patients with auditory neuropathy
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Liangwei Xu, Wei Chen, Shuolong Yuan, Shiming Yang, Fei Ji
In view of the clinical symptom features of AN, the speech discrimination testing appears to be particularly important because it has been considered to be a golden standard to evaluate the practical auditory function of the AN patients. Monosyllable materials in English-speaking countries have been well-developed, such as PB-50 [3], W-22 [4], NU-6 lists [5] and so on. Since Chinese Mandarin is a semantically tonal language, the China National Clinical Research Centre for Otolaryngologic Diseases has designed the Mandarin monosyllable recognition test materials whose homogeneity and inter-list equivalence have been validated [6,7]. Now, these test materials have been widely used for speech audiometry in clinics as diagnostic tools. The performance-intensity (P-I) functions demonstrate well the feature of the human subjects’ speech discrimination abilities. Consequently, P-I functions, especially the rollover phenomenon, were once applied to assist in determining the hearing loss etiologies [8]. The rollover phenomenon was described that the speech recognition scores abnormally declined when the presentation level kept increasing after reaching the maximum word recognition scores (PBmax) of the retrocochlear subjects’ P-I functions [9]. The measurement of rollover and some other components of the P-I functions, such as the slopes of the P-I curves, PBmax, varied greatly according to the different monosyllabic materials and the subjects, while there have been no surveys reported the P-I functions in Mandarin-speaking patients with AN to date.
Analysis of CYP450 gene allelic variants can predict ifosfamide toxicity in Mexican paediatric patients
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Luz María Torres Espíndola, Daniela Rojo-Serrato, Antonio Álvaro-Heredia, Manuel de Jesús Castillejos López, Armando de Uña-Flores, Martin Pérez-García, Marta Zapata-Tarres, Rocio Cárdenas-Cardos, Julio Granados, Juan Luis Chávez-Pacheco, Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara, Israel Torres-Ramirez de Arellano, Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes using the QIAmp DNA Mini kit. Genotype analysis was carried out by allelic discrimination testing using TaqMan probes; fluorescence was quantified for each sample using StepOne® equipment (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). CYP2B6 (rs8192709, rs3745274 and rs3211371), CYP2C9 (rs1799853, rs1057910), CYP3A4 (rs2740574) and CYP3A5 (rs77674) were assessed. The SNPs were analyzed regarding toxicity based on dominant (homozygous mutated + heterozygous versus normal homozygous) and recessive (homozygous mutated versus heterozygous + normal homozygous) inheritance models.