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Happiness and Social Connectivity
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
While there are many definitions of happiness, happiness is an emotional state involving positive feelings. For example, happiness can be distinguished by feelings of joy, satisfaction, contentment, and fulfillment. Happiness can also refer to the present moment or, more broadly, to someone’s overall feelings about his or her life at a given time (Oishi & Westgate, 2021; Lyubomirsky, 2007). Because happiness is a broad construct with many definitions, and often difficult to measure, well-being and affect are constructs that are well studied, as they impact subjective happiness. The personal and professional happiness of nurses is greatly impacted by their experiences of positive and negative affect and their social connectivity, both of which will be explored in this chapter. Table 6.1 defines happiness, as well as other key terms, that will be used throughout this chapter.
Set Recovery Goals
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
Craving is an intense desire to repeat a pleasant experience often associated with drinking, using, gambling, or other addictive behavior. Cross-addiction is adding or replacing one’s primary addictive substances or behavior with other addictive substances or behaviors. Complacency is a feeling of contentment, self-satisfaction, even smugness about recovery with a lack of interest or concern for recovery, evident in thoughts, feelings, and actions. Non-compliance means a person fails to adhere to treatment or recovery regimens.
Why happiness studies ought to include qualitative research components
Published in Paul M.W. Hackett, Christopher M. Hayre, Handbook of Ethnography in Healthcare Research, 2020
Cathrine V. Jansson-Boyd, Anke Plagnol
Over 2000 years ago, Aristotle presented his theory of happiness and by doing so introduced the idea of a science of happiness in terms of a new field of knowledge. He proposed that happiness is the aim of all our actions and that it is thus the key purpose of human life (Aristotle, trans. 1934, Book I, Section VII; see Kolak & Thomson, 2016). Whilst happiness may be instrumental to many life goals, it is not fundamental to all actions. More recent definitions of happiness align better with the modern approach of the psychology of happiness in that they broadly focus more on well-being. According to the Merriam-Webster (2020) dictionary, happiness is “a state of well-being and contentment” and “a pleasurable or satisfying experience”. This is similar to the American Psychological Association’s (APA) definition of happiness that simply states that it is “an emotion of joy, gladness, satisfaction, and well-being” (APA, 2020). The similarity is in that they both include satisfaction and well-being. However, whilst the Merriam-Webster definition describes a satisfying experience, the APA focuses on the emotions experienced rather than the applicability to a specific event. The two definitions in turn differ from one postulated by Lyubomirsky (2008), who states that happiness is “the experience of joy, contentment, or positive well-being, combined with a sense that one’s life is good, meaningful, and worthwhile” (p. 32). Here the difference is in the fact that happiness requires consensus with a good and meaningful life.
How Enhancing Employee Well-Being Can Encourage Voice Behavior: A Desire Fulfillment Perspective
Published in Human Performance, 2020
Jinyun Duan, Xiaotian Wang, Chad T. Brinsfield, Susu Liu
Although relatively little is known about the effect of employee well-being on voice, research suggests that employees higher in well-being may be more likely to express voice. For example, the positive affect associated with well-being may encourage people to engage with their environment and seek out new goals (Clore et al., 2001), which can motivate voice behavior. Another perspective suggests that when an organization facilitates employees’ well-being, employees feel an obligation to reciprocate with voice to help the organization (Ashford, Rothbard, Piderit, & Dutton, 1998). However, there are also reasons to suspect that the positive relationship between employee well-being and voice is not unequivocal. For instance, some scholars suggest that a high level of well-being may implicitly signal that one’s needs are being met, leading to feelings of contentment (Diener, Sandvik, & Pavot, 1991; Forgas, 1995). From this perspective, contented employees may be less likely to perceive a need to speak up, and less motivated to challenge the status quo (Saunders, Sheppard, Knight, & Roth, 1992).
Female-perpetrated family violence—Effectiveness of a psychodynamic group intervention
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2019
Pia Keiski, Mika Helminen, Maria Lindroos, Hanna Kommeri, Eija Paavilainen
Table 2 describes the sum variables and their values and loadings. The participants’ experience of contentment was measured by asking how satisfied they were with themselves and their families and how optimistically they viewed the future (Cronbach’s alpha .735). We evaluated self-respect by asking the participants how much they valued themselves, how proud they were of their womanhood, and whether they thought they could achieve good things in their lives (Cronbach’s alpha .870). Self-control referred to whether the women could maintain self-control and it was measured by inquiring about women’s experiences of punishing, shouting at, or getting angry with their significant others (Cronbach’s alpha .773). We assessed insufficiency by asking the participants how powerless, insufficient, or hopeless they felt (Cronbach’s alpha .795). The sum variables were diverse, so higher values indicated decreased insufficiency. Anxiety and fear we investigated by asking about the women’s experiences of worry, anxiety, insecurity, and guilt (Cronbach’s alpha .744). This sum variable was also diverse and we interpreted it similarly to insufficiency. We evaluated experiences of motherhood by asking how strenuous or natural the women felt their experience of motherhood to be (Cronbach’s alpha .843).
The nature of self-esteem and its relationship to anxiety and depression in adult acquired brain injury
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Catherine Longworth, Joseph Deakins, David Rose, Fergus Gracey
Our third aim was to investigate whether specific dimensions of self-esteem are correlated more strongly with anxiety or depression as predicted by Fennell’s (1997, 1998) cognitive model. Consistent with previous research, and employing Robson’s cut-off for low global self-esteem, the current sample of ABI survivors had a relatively high rate of low self-esteem associated with high levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Specifically, Self-Worth and Self-Efficacy predicted levels of anxiety symptoms after ABI. The items relating to Self-Worth included those about achievement (“I can never seem to achieve anything worthwhile”), emotional responses to negative evaluation by others (“When people criticise me, I often feel helpless and second-rate”, “I often feel humiliated”) and self-to-self relating (“I don’t care what happens to me”). The factor overlaps with items from Robson’s factors “Contentment, Worthiness and Significance” and “Value of Existence”. This suggests that for the current ABI sample beliefs about abilities, feelings about evaluation by others and feelings towards oneself are more highly interrelated than in Robson’s sample of people from the general population. One possible interpretation of this is that beliefs about societal evaluation of achievements and ability after ABI are linked to perceived stigma or negative judgement by others, as identified by Jones et al. (2011). This is also consistent with Fennell’s (1997) cognitive-behavioural model of low self-esteem, which suggests that low self-esteem causes anxiety when it is feared that personal standards for worthiness may not be met.