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Quantitative approaches in sport-related concussion research
Published in Gordon A. Bloom, Jeffrey G. Caron, Psychological Aspects of Sport-Related Concussions, 2019
Meredith Rocchi, Camille Guertin, Scott Rathwell
Because the goal of this design is to describe or understand a phenomena, there are no minimum sample sizes required. Cross-sectional research designs can range from case studies of one participant to national surveys of thousands of participants. The analysis approach and potential conclusions that can be drawn depend entirely on the number of participants and the methods chosen for collecting the data. When using cross-sectional designs to assess relationships between variables, studies are often criticized for their susceptibility to common method variance. Fortunately, several methods can be used to reduce this form of bias. Statistically, researchers may wish to use a common latent factor when analyzing relational data in order to capture the variance explained by the common data collection method. There is debate, however, about the effectiveness of this statistical procedure (see Podsakoff et al., 2003, for a review). Alternatively, procedural remedies such as collecting data from different sources (athletes, coaches, parents) concurrently, or using secondary data, also exist for controlling common method bias. Finally, given that cross-sectional designs are not intended to determine cause and effect, researchers should ensure that they do not infer causation through the use of causal language in their results and conclusions. For example, researchers should avoid language like “influence” and “impact” in favor of words such as “related” and “associated.”
Occupational sleep medicine: Role of social stressors
Published in S.R. Pandi-Perumal, Meera Narasimhan, Milton Kramer, Sleep and Psychosomatic Medicine, 2017
Pereira Diana, Gerhardt Christin, Maria U. Kottwitz, Elfering Achim
According to Cropley et al.,87 sleep is one of the most important recovery mechanisms available to humans, and sleep impairments have been associated with a variety of negative consequences, including various health impairments. Most studies analyzing the effects of occupational stressors on sleep assessed self-reported sleep quality. Although self-reports are important, studies relying solely on self-report for both independent (e.g., stressors) and dependent (e.g., sleep) variables are open to problems of common method variance, which may lead to inflated or even spurious correlations and predictions.88 There are a number of different ways in which associations between selfreports about stressful working conditions and selfreported well-being (e.g., sleep) may be spurious. Firstly, they may reflect response styles rather than substantive relations. Secondly, they may reflect respondents’ hypotheses about their job stress and strain. Thirdly, responses may reflect personality characteristics that determine the way in which life in general is experienced. Thus, in order to avoid the problem of common method variance, it is suggested that alternative measures may yield more objective information about the phenomena under investigation.88 Therefore, the question of whether social stressors at work affect objective indicators of sleep should be considered more carefully.
Intersectional forms of racism and sexual minority stress are associated with alcohol use among Latinx sexual minority men with greater Hispanic/Latinx cultural orientation
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2023
David G. Zelaya, Robert Rosales, James J. Garcia, Oswaldo Moreno, Victor Figuereo, Christopher W. Kahler, Cirleen DeBlaere
This study was cross-sectional, and therefore we are unable to infer the temporal stability and causality of these relationships. Future studies should employ longitudinal approaches (e.g., ecological momentary assessment, daily diaries) to further examine the relations between various forms of acculturation, intersectional forms of discrimination, and hazardous alcohol use. Further, it is important to consider if there is an effect of common method variance where the error variance may be shared within the variables being tested due to the source of the data thus creating bias (63). Our contrary findings may also be related to sampling bias due to the recruitment platform utilized. In our sample, 81% of participants reported completing some college or above, a finding consistent with prior literature indicating that MTurk samples have a higher level of educational attainment (35). Furthermore, almost 70% identified as middle class or above and the sample had higher mean score on the US orientation acculturation variable (M = 3.23). Therefore, it could be that our sample is more acculturated, possibly truncating the range of acculturation scores.
Examining the relationship between bedtime procrastination and personality traits in Chinese college students: the mediating role of self-regulation skills
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Ying Zhao, Dexin Meng, Xiaohan Ma, Jing Guo, Liwei Zhu, Yiming Fu, Li Mu
Data were analyzed using software such as IBM SPSS (Version 21.0) and Amos (Version 24.0). The raw scores of each EPQ-RSC subscale were converted into age- and sex-corrected T scores (T = 50 + 10 x (raw score–normative mean score/standard deviation [SD])). Pearson’s or Spearman’s bivariate correlation coefficients were conducted to determine the relationship between BPS, EPQ-RSC, SCS, and demographic variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was divided into three steps to test the predictive values of personality dimensions on BP: (1) demographics: age, education level, and sex; (2) personality traits: psychoticism, extroversion, neuroticism, and lie, and (3) self-regulation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation and bias-corrected bootstrap (5000 replications) was performed using Amos to examine the mediating role of self-regulation in the relationship between BP and personality traits. The effect of demographic characteristics was controlled in the mediation model. The model goodness-of-fit indices included χ2/df < 3, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.06, goodness fit index (GFI) > 0.90, comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.90, normed fit index (NFI) > 0.90, Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI) > 0.90 and incremental fit index (IFI) > 0.90.38 In addition, Harman’s one-factor test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and unmeasured latent method construct (ULMC) were used to estimate the existence and impact of common method variance (CMV). Significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Association between psychological pain and suicidal ideation among men with substance use disorder: a moderated mediation model
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2022
Xiaoqing Zeng, Jin Nie, Bin Wei
In this study, two methods were used to reduce and test the common method variance (Podsakoff et al., 2012). First, we adopted three strategies to control the common method variance: anonymous completion, partial reverse scoring, and different scoring methods. Second, confirmatory factor analysis was used to load all measurement items on the same latent factor. The results indicated that the fit (χ2/df = 50.742, CFI = 0.481, NFI = 0.481, RMSEA = 0.226) was not satisfied, and indicated no common method bias in this study.