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Nanopharmaceuticals in Cardiovascular Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Ramandeep Singh, Anupam Mittal, Maryada Sharma, Ajay Bahl, Madhu Khullar
Troponins are a group of proteins found in the cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles that help to control and regulate the contraction of the muscles. There are three variants of the protein troponin, i.e., troponin I, troponin C, and troponin T. In case of cardiovascular diseases where cardiomyocytes are damaged, troponin C and troponin I are expressed in higher quantities in blood. The levels of both troponin C and troponin I are undetectable in normal conditions; therefore, they serve as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Efforts are being made into developing these two biomolecules into biomarkers (Park et al., 2020).
Order Blubervirales: Core Protein
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Park et al. (2009) replaced the P79A80 in the HBcΔ MIR with the tandem repeated B domains of staphylococcal protein A, a specific target for the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G and exposed it therefore on the VLP surface. In parallel, the His6 tag was added to the N-terminus of the VLPs to provide the latter with a strong affinity for nickel. Thus, a 3D assay system was developed by combining the chimeric nanoparticles with a nickel nanohair structure or porous membrane, then adding antibodies to specifically capture protein markers. This methodology was adjusted to the detection of troponin I in patients (Park et al. 2009) but remains open to form similar highly sensitive diagnostic assays for a variety of other protein markers. Later, Kwon et al. (2017) developed on this background a notably advanced one-step immunoassay based on accurate, rapid, and label-free self-enhancement of immunoassay signals, which was achieved by tightly coupling the 3D bioprobe-based sensitive assay with the coordinated assembly of gold nanoparticles in an assay solution.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Biomarkers are used in conjunction with the ECG for diagnosis. The injured myocardium releases troponin, so evidence of heart muscle damage is assessed by measuring cardiac troponin (I or T). Recently, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I or T (hsTnI and hsTnT) assays have been made available, detecting myocardial damage within 1hr of injury. Troponin is assessed on admission, aiding a speedy provisional diagnosis, with further tests at 3 and 6 hours for confirmation as required. If Troponin levels are normal, then there may be a non-cardiac cause of the chest pain, or possibly unstable angina.If troponin levels are minimally elevated, this is consistent with unstable angina.Mildly or moderately raised troponin is consistent with a non-ST segment elevated MI (NSTEMI). In essence, the higher the level of cardiac troponin, the more likely myocardial infarction has occurred. Some caution is required, though, as troponin can also be raised in pulmonary embolus or aortic dissection.
Evaluation of the cardioprotective effect of Casuarina suberosa extract in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem, Samah Fathy Ahmed, Abeer Temraz, Walid Hamdy El-Tantawy
Several myocardium-specific proteins have proven to be very important biomarkers in congestive heart failure, MI, and other cardiac ailments including cardiac troponins I and T, cardiac natriuretic peptides, CK-MB, and LDH (O’Brien 2008). Cardiac troponin-I is a low-molecular-weight regulatory protein in the myocardium that controls calcium ion (Ca2+)-facilitated interactions between actin and myosin (Sharma et al.2004). Generally, this protein is well conserved in cardiac cells, yet set free in case of myocardial damage, making this contractile protein a highly reliable diagnostic reliable diagnostic indicator for MI (Saravanan et al.2013). In this study, ISO administration instigated a significant increase in the activity of cardiac marker enzymes such as AST, ALT, CK-MB, LDH in the serum along with cardiac troponin I compared to their normal levels. This could be attributed to cardiac muscle injury, changes in plasma membrane integrity and/or permeability as a reaction to β-adrenergic stimulation (ISO), resulting in a leaky sarcolemma induced by the β-agonist injury (Keles et al.2009). Notably, the significant rise in the serum levels of diagnostic marker enzymes and cardiac troponin I in ISO-treated animals compared to control rats (Table 4) is considered a sign of the acute necrotic damage to the myocardial membrane (Manjula et al.1992).
Dietary Patterns and Their Association with CVD Risk Factors among Bangladeshi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Farhana Aktar Shammi, Suvasish Das Shuvo, Md Shahariea Karim Josy
Biochemical information such as; blood pressure, troponin-I level, and lipid profile (TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TG) level was collected from their biochemical report for further analysis. Lipid profiles are categorized into high, borderline high, and normal (27). A digital BP machine (Brand: Omron-JPN500; Origin: Japan) was used to measure the blood pressure level. According to the blood pressure category of the American heart association, subjects were identified as hypertensive. Troponin-I is a cardiac and skeletal muscle protein suitable in the laboratory diagnosis of heart attack and related problems. The higher the amount of Troponin-I in the blood, the more damage there is to the heart. Different laboratories have different cutoff points for “normal” and “probable myocardial infarction”. The normal value of Troponin-I defined by the laboratory of Jashore Sadar Hospital is “Up to 1.3” ng/ml. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride ranges were determined according to the recommendations of Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) of National Cholesterol education programs.
Diagnosing complications and co-morbidities of fibrotic interstitial lung disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
George A. Margaritopoulos, Maria A. Kokosi, Athol U. Wells
Amongst CTDs, cardiac muscle involvement is most frequent in SSc [105] and inflammatory myopathies (IIM), in which cardiac disease is the third most frequent cause of death after lung disease and malignancies [106]. Subclinical disease is more frequent than clinically evident cardiac disease. In IIMs, heart failure, valve disease, CAD, myocarditis and bundle branch block have been reported. Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) should be performed if there is a suspicion of cardiac involvement. CMR is considered the reference standard in the diagnosis of cardiac involvement in CTDs whereas FDG-PET has not been extensively applied in this setting. Based on the experience in cardiac sarcoidosis, the integration of those two tests is pivotal given the different information each one provides. CMR is more reliable in detecting fibrosis whereas FDG-PET is quite sensitive in identifying and quantifying myocardial inflammation. Cardiac troponin I is a specific cardiac enzyme that can identify myocardial inflammation in the presence of peripheral muscle involvement and elevation of creatine phosphokinase levels. The detection of cardiac involvement is essential as the treatment of cardiac inflammation may be life-saving. A low threshold for cardiac investigation is appropriate as exertional dyspnea due to cardiac disease may be difficult to separate from dyspnea due to ILD. Intravenous corticosteroid therapy with or without other immunosuppressive drugs has been used successfully, in combination with standard treatment for arrhythmias and heart failure.