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Tea Polyphenolic Compounds against Herpes Simplex Viruses
Published in Satya Prakash Gupta, Cancer-Causing Viruses and Their Inhibitors, 2014
Tin-Chun Chu, Sandra D. Adams, Lee H. Lee
Although acyclovir remains the current standard treatment for HSV-1 infections, new treatments are being developed to help combat resistant strains. Some of these treatments still focus on inhibition of viral replication but through a different process. One such class of compounds is called helicase-primase inhibitors (HPIs); these inhibit either pUL5 (helicase) or pUL52 (primase), both of which are vital to viral replication. However, mutant HSV-1 strains resistant to some of these drugs have already been detected, though a strategy of employing a combination of drugs that inhibit helicase and primase have proved successful thus far (Field and Biswas 2011; Sukla et al. 2010). Another strategy to inhibit HSV-1 propagation is to inhibit protein synthesis; trichosanthin (TCS) is a compound extracted from the root of a plant that is capable of inactivating the 60s subunit of ribosomes, thereby preventing protein synthesis. The action of TCS is believed to induce cellular apoptosis, thereby inhibiting further HSV-1 propagation (He and Tam 2010). Increased resistance resulted from taking these different drugs; novel and more effective medications need to be developed in order to prevent HSV infection (Morfin and Thouvenot 2003).
Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants, 2017
“Chinese Cucumber”CAMPESTEROL SD CCOCOMPOUND-Q RT ABSDELTA-7-CAMPESTEROL SD CCO24-ETHYL-5ALPHA-CHOLESTA-5,25-DIEN-3-BETA-OL PL JSG24-ETHYLCHOLESTA-7,24(25)-DIEN-3-BETA-OL PL JSG24-ETHYL-5ALPHA-CHOLESTA-7,25-DIEN-3-BETA-OL SD CCO24-ETHYL-5ALPHA-CHOLESTA-7,22,25-TRIEN-3-BETA-OL SD JSGLINOLEIC-ACID SD CCOLINOLENIC-ACID SD CCOOLEIC-ACID SD CCOSAPONINS RTCCOBETA-SITOSTEROL RT CCOALPHA-SPINASTEROL SD CCOALPHA-SPINASTEROL-6′-(Z,Z)-9,12-OCTADECADDENOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE RT CCOALPHA-SPINASTEROL-PALMITATE RT CCOALPHA-SPINASTEROL-6′-PALMITYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE RT CCOALPHA-SPINASTERYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE RTCCODELTA-7-STIGMASTENOL SD CCODELTA-7-STIGMASTENOL-6′-PALMITYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE RT CCODELTA-7-STIGMASTENOL-6′-(Z,Z)-9,12-OCTADECADIENOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE RT CCOSTIGMASTEROL RT CCO7-STIGMASTEROL RT JSGSTIGMASTA-7,22-DBEN-3BETA-OL PL JSGALPHA-TRICHOSANTHIN RT EMP2.74TRICHOSANTHIN RT CCO
Screening and characterisation of a novel efficient tumour cell-targeting peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor binding proteins
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Min-Lin He, Jin Lei, Xue-Wei Cao, Jian Zhao, Fu-Jun Wang
Trichosanthin (TCS) is a macromolecular active protein extracted from the root tuber of Trichosanthes kirilowii and has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an abortifacient [36]. As a type I ribosome inactivating protein (RIP), TCS is widely used in antitumor research [36–39]. However, unlike type II RIP, TCS has a low transmembrane entry efficiency, which affects its intracellular pharmacological effects. In this study, we analysed and selected a highly homologous 18 amino acid consensus sequences from the C-terminal domain HBD of IGFBPs, named as IHP (IGFBP-HBD-CPP), which was fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to test its transmembrane activity by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The pattern of its differential binding to tumour cells were screened. Subsequently, a fusion protein of TCS and IHP5 was expressed to investigate the toxicity of recombinant protein to various tumour cells.
Application of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles in drug delivery
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Mohadeseh Barzin, Amir Mohammad Bagheri, Mandana Ohadi, Amir Masoud Abhaji, Soodeh Salarpour, Gholamreza Dehghannoudeh
As an emerging aspect of drug delivery and information transmission, PELNs-based therapies show attractive advantages, including membrane stability, low immunogenicity, acceptable biodistribution, enhanced loading efficacy, and modifiable surface properties with target specificities as well as inducing functional changes in recipient cells and the possibility of preparation via eco-friendly protocols (Man et al. 2020). The ability to transfer across the BBB and penetrate deep layers of skin would make PELNs suitable candidates for developing many aspects of drug delivery (Dad et al. 2021; Suharta et al. 2021). Further, PELNs-based drug delivery systems could be incorporated with inorganic nanomaterials such as magnetic or thermal-sensitive nanoparticles to achieve versatile hybrid nanoplatforms, which might provide biomedical multifunctionality with enhanced targeted specificities (Dad et al. 2021). However, they may encounter some challenges (Man et al. 2020). For instance, the recently addressed possibility of trichosanthin (a plant toxin) inter-kingdom transmission has raised significant concerns about PELNs’ application. The inability to carry any high quantity of drug might become a considerable limitation, too (Dad et al. 2021). Besides, differences in the size and appearance of PELNs, compared to exogenous exosomes, may lead to the onset of immune system responses and cause treatment failure (Suharta et al. 2021; Kim et al. 2022).
Constructing a better binding peptide for drug delivery targeting the interleukin-4 receptor
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Xue-Di Bai, Xue-Wei Cao, Yi-Hui Chen, Long-Yun Fu, Jian Zhao, Fu-Jun Wang
Trichosanthin (TCS) is a ribosome-inactivating protein that has antitumor activity against tumour cells [36]. To investigate whether ILBP-ba could selectively enhance the cytotoxicity of TCS to IL-4R high-expressing cells, the cytotoxicity of TCS, TCS-ILBP-a and TCS-ILBP-ba recombinant proteins was examined by MTT assay in H226, A549, HeLa and SMMC cells. As shown in Figure 6(B), the killing effect of TCS-ILBP-ba on H226, A549 and HeLa cells was significantly improved than that of TCS and TCS-ILBP-a. For example, at a concentration of 500 nM, the killing effect of TCS-ILBP-ba was about 80%, while the killing effects of TCS and TCS-ILBP-a were less than 60%. The IC50 value of TCS-ILBP-ba was 10.71–13.99 folds lower than that of TCS, and 5.27–5.63 folds lower than that of TCS-ILBP-a. Moreover, the inhibition was positively correlated with the expression levels of IL-4R. In contrast, the killing effect of TCS-ILBP-ba on SMMC cells was not improved at any concentration. The IC50 value of the TCS-ILBP-ba fusion protein was almost the same as that of TCS and TCS-ILBP-a. Thus, the result indicated that ILBP-ba could selectively enhance the cytotoxic efficacy of TCS on IL-4R high-expressing cells, and the enhancement caused by ILBP-ba is stronger than that cased by ILBP-a.