China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pili and Hosts
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
Remarkably, the Tra−flsf2RQβS phenotype of the traD mutants was observed for sex factors without any mutations, but in obstacles when expression of the traD gene was inhibited by the FinC system (van de Pol et al. 1979; Willetts 1980). Moreover, further studies on temperature-sensitive traD mutants, which were temperature sensitive for the group I RNA phages MS2, f2, and R17 but not to the group III phage Qβ (Schoulaker and Engelberg-Kulka 1978), led to the conclusion that the mutant cells permitted the penetration and translation of the phage MS2 RNA but did not permit the MS2 RNA replication (Schoulaker-Schwarz and Engelberg-Kulka 1981, 1983; Engelberg-Kulka and Schoulaker-Schwarz 1983). The effect was explained by the marked traD mutation-induced changes in the membrane, where traD gene product could be either directly or indirectly involved in the replication of the group I phages, possibly due to the lability of their replicases, in contrast to the stable Qβ replicase.
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Published in Victor A. Bernstam, Pocket Guide to GENE LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS in Clinical Practice, 2019
A reduction in length of the telomeric repeat sequences has been noted in chromosomes from colorectal carcinomas compared to that of normal mucosa from the same patient. Although the role of terminal repeat arrays (TRAs) is not known, the length of TRAs in adenomas is reduced to the same extent as that found in the corresponding carcinomas, suggesting that TRA reduction may be involved in malignization.
Theories and Models of Health Behavior Change
Published in Deborah Fish Ragin, Health Psychology, 2017
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) proposed by Ajzen (1985) builds on an earlier theory known as the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). We include a brief review of TRA because it is the foundation for TPB and because some studies continue to test the predictive validity of TRA.
Trachoma Rapid Assessments in Venezuela, an Example of the Integration of Data Gathering with Service Delivery in Hard-to-reach Populations
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Yuri Andrea López, Sandra Liliana Talero, Juan Pablo León Donado, Ángel Manuel Álvarez, Magda Magris, Tulia Hernández, Marisela Bermúdez, Neris Villalobos, Martha Idalí Saboyá-Díaz
The proportion of active trachoma in small children (1–4 years old) was higher in communities of Atabapo and Alto Orinoco as well as in the total proportion for the three municipalities when compared to the proportion in children 5 to 9. However, TRA are intended to be an operational tool, designed to be rapid, simple, and cost-effective,16 but not to produce accurate data on the prevalence of TF and TT in the studied area. Hence, we can’t asseverate that the differences are significant. The municipalities and communities were not randomly selected although arbitrary parameters related to risk factors of trachoma were used for the selection which implies that communities with the worst socioeconomic conditions were studied. However, these results are useful for advocacy and to make better decisions about the need to carry out trachoma standardized surveys in the studied area.
The risk of menopausal symptoms in premenopausal breast cancer patients and current pharmacological prevention strategies
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Premenopausal patients, particularly younger women, tend to develop more aggressive subtype of disease. Therefore, optimal management of premenopausal women often necessitates a combination of different modalities of adjuvant treatment, which may cause a series of short- and long-term side effects. On the one hand, menopausal symptoms experienced by premenopausal BC patients may be more prevalent and more severe than those experienced by women with natural menopause. On the other hand, anti-cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy, can cause TRA and POI. Current evidence has confirmed that concurrent administration of GnRHa during chemotherapy could significantly reduce the risk of developing chemotherapy-induced POI in premenopausal women with early-stage BC. In addition, reports have suggested that embryo/oocyte cryopreservation may increase the chance of pregnancy after the diagnosis of BC, although such data remain limited.
Compliance with preventative measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA and Canada: Results from an online survey
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2021
Donna Wang, Suzanne Marmo-Roman, Kathryn Krase, Lusta Phanord
The theory of reasoned action (TRA) posits that an individual’s behavioral intentions are determined by their attitudes, and the subjective norm associated with the behavior (Montaño & Kasprzyk, 2015). The TRA is an extension of the Health Belief Model (Gehlert & Ward, 2019), which attempts to describe how individual beliefs relate to preventive health measures but does not necessarily offer insight into motivational behavior for engagement in preventive health behaviors. TRA has been applied to a wide range of behaviors, such as substance abuse (Gehlert & Ward, 2019), weight loss (Gehlert & Ward, 2019), and HIV prevention (Montaño & Kasprzyk, 2015). TRA addresses many of the factors associated with potential covariates with compliance of COVID-19 preventative measures, such as attitude. The current study uses the TRA to understand what motivates people to comply with measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19.