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Understanding the Role of Existing Technology in the Fight Against COVID-19
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
Plasmonic biosensors may offer reliable detection of COVID-19 virus as well. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based sensors have been used to detect clinical analytes [32]. The LSPR refers to the coherent oscillations induced by the photons in the conducting surface electrons. This localized plasmonic resonance can be modulated as a result of change in certain properties such as refractive index and molecular binding. A dual functional plasmonic biosensor was tested by Qiu et al. [33]. The device was capable of inducing plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect by using gold nanoparticle islands. The nanoparticles strongly absorb the photons and cause localized heating due to non-radiative emission. This phenomenon is used for the hybridization of the nucleic acid strands. The LSPR is then used for the detection of the COVID-19 virus.
Therapeutic Strategies and Future Research
Published in Mark A. Mentzer, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, 2020
Multifunction biochips provide the ability to detect DNA, RNA, protein, and specific characteristics unique to the biological probe composition- such as specific enzymes, antibodies, antigens, and cellular structures (Vo-Dinh and Askari, 2001). Transducers vary widely, such as surface plasmon resonance devices, optical property measurement devices (absorption, luminescence), electrochemical, surface acoustic wave, and other mass measurement devices. Progress in neuroscience and medicine will rely heavily upon the biochip systems currently under development.
Lab-on-a-Chip-Based Devices for Rapid and Accurate Measurement of Nanomaterial Toxicity
Published in Suresh C. Pillai, Yvonne Lang, Toxicity of Nanomaterials, 2019
Mehenur Sarwar, Amirali Nilchian, Chen-zhong Li
As a more advanced application of optical-integrated LoC devices, laser-based platforms have been used as a state of the art technology for monitoring chemical interactions binding kinetics, vesicular release, exocytosis events, and cellular-level nanotoxicity. A common example, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, is a label-free technique used to measure the binding kinetics between biomolecules. This is carried out by monitoring real-time optical signals arising from a prism while a solution with ligand molecules flows over a sensor substrate functionalized with purified receptor molecules. A laser light is shined on a specified point on the prism and reflected in a known angle, which will be detected by a detector camera. The laser causes the sensor molecules (mostly gold thin films or gold NPs) to resonate in their close vicinity. Their resonance is highly sensitive to small changes on the medium that flows above the sensor (i.e., gas, fluid), such as absorption of small molecules on the surface. Such incidents will cause the laser refraction angle to shift higher or lower, which would be detected. Further data analysis could give the kinetics of the events occurring at the surface of the chip.
Green Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Byttneria Herbacea Roxb and their promising therapeutic applications and its interesting insightful observations in oral cancer
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Gunashekar Kalvakunta Subramanyam, Susmila Aparna Gaddam, Venkata Subbaiah Kotakadi, Hema Gunti, Sashikiran Palithya, Josthna Penchalaneni, Varadarajulu Naidu Challagundla
The UV visible data proved that the aqueous leaf extract of Byttneriea herbacea has capability to change 0.02 M silver nitrate solution into the ionic form Ag+, the diluted colourless leaf extract reacts with 0.02 M silver nitrate solution and reduce to ionic form Ag+ to Ag0 which is confirmed by the colour change of the solution to dark brown colour (Figure 1B(a–b)). The surface plasmon resonance spectrum (SPR) peak of biosynthesized BH-AgNPs was obtained at 422 nm, the same sample was read after 30 min revealed the SPR at 437 nm (Figure 1(C)). The results were similar to the previous reports on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from various plants extracts, the SPR peak was reported to increase its intensity with an increase in time intervals and concentration of AgNO3 from 0.001 M to 0.005 M. Likewise, the biosynthesized AgNPs by different plant extract like leaf extract Boerhavia erecta, Artemisia annua, Decaschistia crotonifolia, and flower extracts of Aerva lanata and Ferulago macrocarpa [15, 43–46] revealed similar results.
Physicochemical and biological impact of metal-catalyzed oxidation of IgG1 monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates via reactive oxygen species
Published in mAbs, 2022
Zephania Kwong Glover, Aaron Wecksler, Baikuntha Aryal, Shrenik Mehta, Melissa Pegues, Wayman Chan, Mari Lehtimaki, Allen Luo, Alavattam Sreedhara, V. Ashutosh Rao
We selected trastuzumab to further investigate the structure-function relationship in a representative, well-studied mAb biotherapeutic. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can isolate the molecular interactions without the complex signal cascades of cell-based methods 40 (which was also used and described in subsequent sections). The SPR results (Table 2) indicated that the Cu(II)-stressed molecules displayed the largest impact on FcγIIIa and FcRn binding. Under Cu(II) conditions, no response for FcγIIIa binding could be detected for both samples. Cu(II)-oxidized samples after 6 and 24 hours resulted in approximately 250- and 2500-fold reduction in FcRn binding, respectively, whereas Fe(II)-catalyzed oxidation displayed minor decreases (~ 2-fold) in both FcγIIIa and FcRn binding.
Mathematical and computational modeling for the determination of optical parameters of breast cancer cell
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2021
Shadeeb Hossain, Shamera Hossain
Snell’s Law describes the correlation between critical angle parameter and refractive index of tissue. Hence, enhanced refractive index measurement has quantitative application in bio-optical sensors such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The spectroscopy measurement provides real-time meticulous information regarding chemical composition of tissue and is highly sensitive to nuances in refractive index. Precise refractive index measurement has potential application in thin film sensing (Grassi and Georgiadis 1999) and is an integral property of electromagnetic particle-tissue interaction (Richardson and Lichtman 2015). The refractive index of biological tissue correlates to concentration, intracellular mass and metabolism (Liu et al. 2016a). The surmise of higher magnitude of refractive index for lesion cell is explicated due to its active cellular division and metabolism (Backman et al. 2000b; Bourgaize et al. 2000b; Liang et al. 2007).