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Bacteria
Published in Loretta A. Cormier, Pauline E. Jolly, The Primate Zoonoses, 2017
Loretta A. Cormier, Pauline E. Jolly
The genus Streptococcus is composed of approximately 100 different species that are widely distributed and often exist as part of the normal flora of humans and animals, but can opportunistically cause infection (Parks et al. 2015). Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. pyogenes are two of the most important invasive pathogenic species. S. pneumoniae may asymptomatically colonize the pharyngeal mucosa, cause bacterial illnesses such as otitis media, sinusitis, or pneumonia, or cause invasive infections including bacteremia, meningitis, and endocarditis (Janoff and Musher 2015). It is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide in young children and older adults (Janoff and Musher 2015). S. pyogenes infection occurs most commonly as streptococcal pharyngitis or superficial skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis (Bryant and Stevens 2015). It can also cause more serious and potentially life-threatening disease, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever, and glomerulonephritis (Bryant and Stevens 2015). In addition, Streptococcus suis, which occurs in swine, is considered a global emerging zoonotic disease and can cause septicemia and meningitis in individuals exposed to infected pigs or contaminated pork products (Goyette-Desjardins et al. 2014).
Industrial Animal Agriculture’s Role in the Emergence and Spread of Disease
Published in Joyce D’Silva, John Webster, The Meat Crisis, 2017
In 2005, China, the world’s largest producer of pork (RaboBank International, 2003), suffered an unprecedented outbreak in scope and lethality of Streptococcus suis, a newly emerging zoonotic pig pathogen (Gosline, 2005). Strep. suis is a common cause of meningitis in intensively farmed pigs worldwide and presents most often as meningitis in people as well (Huang et al., 2005), particularly those who butcher infected pigs or later handle infected pork products (Gosline, 2005). Due to the involvement of the auditory nerves connecting the inner ears to the brain, half of the human survivors become deaf (Altman, 2005).
Invisible borders
Published in Milton J. Lewis, Kerrie L. MacPherson, Public Health in Asia and the Pacific, 2007
Hong Kong has had long experience with tainted food supplies imported from the mainland. Vegetables contaminated with banned pesticides imported from Shenzhen began surfacing in the 1980s, sending hundreds to hospital, 500 in 1988 (South China Morning Post 13 June and 28 October 1988). Oysters contaminated with cadmium, and shellfish with hepatitis A virus (South China Morning Post 11 December 1983), and traditional Chinese medicine with high levels of arsenic, lead and mercury (a considerable problem since 75% of the 99,000 tonnes of Chinese medicine exported from Guangdong was consumed in Hong Kong in 2006) prompted the Hong Kong government to set up more stringent border checks and in cooperation with the Guangdong local authorities a system of inspection and registration of farms exporting food to Hong Kong (South China Morning Post 31 January 2006). However food scares including fish and eels containing malachite green panicked Hong Kong consumers and there was a 40% drop in live fish sales as well as a 25% drop in pork sales because of pig-borne disease (from Streptococcus suis) in 2005. It was found that 18 accredited fish farms (eight in Shenzhen) on the list provided by the State General Administration for Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine did not exist (South China Morning Post 22 September 2005). Guangdong provincial party secretary, Zhang Dejiang, acknowledged to Hong Kong legislators and the Chief Executive Donald Tsang that China's most prosperous province and the pioneer in the open economic reform was facing severe environmental crises related to rapid economic growth. Guangdong and Hong Kong authorities agreed to open a direct daily channel of communications and to a package of proposals to combat food scares and air pollution in September of 2005 (The Standard 29 September 2005).
Detection and expression analysis of tet(B) in Streptococcus oralis
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Alexandre Arredondo, Gerard Àlvarez, José Nart, Carolina Mor, Vanessa Blanc, Rubén León
Despite their widespread resistance, some tetracyclines are still useful in some treatments, such as in acne vulgaris, periodontitis and infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, Helicobacter pylori and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [2–4]. Resistance can occur through efflux pumps, ribosomal protection or enzymatic inactivation. According to http://faculty.washington.edu/marilynr/(last update May 1st, 2019), 60 tetracycline resistance genes have been detected that code for these mechanisms, along with 11 mosaic genes that code for ribosomal protection proteins. Some of these genes, such as tet(C) and tet(32), have only been found in Gram-positive bacteria, while others such as tet(B) have only been found in Gram-negative bacteria. In a recent study by Chander et al., tet(B) was found in Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs [5], but a lack of full sequencing of the gene prevented the confirmation of such a finding.
Device safety assessment of bronchoscopic microwave ablation of normal swine peripheral lung using robotic-assisted bronchoscopy
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Hector De Leon, Kevin Royalty, Louie Mingione, David Jaekel, Sarvesh Periyasamy, David Wilson, Paul Laeseke, William C. Stoffregen, Tim Muench, John P. Matonick, Grzegorz L. Kaluza, Gustavo Cipolla
The primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease in pigs, is M. hyopneumoniae [66]. In our study, 3 animals were positive for M. hyopneumoniae and bacterial cultures from lung samples of a 3-Day animal (ID: 13) also tested positive for Streptococcus suis and Trueperella pyogenes. Thus, the model propensity to endemic infectious diseases and potential exacerbation of secondary infections, and the potential need for extended use of prophylactic antibiotics should be taken into consideration when using this animal model. Further studies are warranted to investigate the need of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in the clinical setting before performing bronchoscopic MWA.
Next-generation DNA sequencing analysis of two Streptococcus suis ST28 isolates associated with human infective endocarditis and meningitis in Gunma, Japan: a case report
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2019
Toshimasa Hayashi, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Daisuke Ishikawa, Michiko Imai, Masahiro Fujita, Makoto Kuroda, Nobuhiro Saruki
Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of swine that causes septicaemia, meningitis and arthritis [1]. It is also an emerging zoonotic agent, especially for individuals who are in close contact with pigs and/or pork products [2]. The clinical presentation of S. suis in humans usually involves and meningitis and/or septicaemia with or without septic shock. More rarely, S. suis can be responsible for cases of endocarditis, pneumonia, peritonitis, arthritis and other pathologies [3,4].