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Biocatalytic Reduction of Organic Compounds by Marine-Derived Fungi
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Gabriel S. Baia, David E. Q. Jimenez, André Luiz Meleiro Porto
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDRs) are a large family of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases, sharing sequence motifs and exhibiting analogous mechanisms. SDR enzymes play critical roles in alcohols, sugars, steroids, lipids, amino acids and aromatic compounds [11]. Peng et al. [12] developed a stereoselective synthesis of (R)-phenylephrine using an SDR from Serratia marcescens BCRC 10948. The reduction reaction used 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanone at 30°C and 120 rpm in a buffer solution (Na2HPO4/KH2PO4) for 24 h to give the alcohol in 51% yield and 99% ee of the R-configuration alcohol as shown in Figure 15.4 [12].
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Tasnuva Sarowar, Md. Hafiz Uddin
In addition, accumulation of abeta in mitochondria has severe detrimental effect. Abeta accumulation disrupts mitochondrial dynamics (Wang, Su, Siedlak, et al. 2008) and reduces the activity of key enzymes (Casley et al. 2002). Furthermore, abeta has been linked with interfering with a number of structural and functional activities of the mitochondria, including dysfunction of axonal transport, mitochondrial DNA mutation, increased H2O2 level, oxidative injury to mitochondrial membrane, impaired lipid polarity and protein mobility, altering mitochondrial permeability, and inhibited respiratory chain enzymes (Chen and Zhong 2014). All these lead to apoptotic cell death and neuronal loss. Abeta also binds with a short-chain dehydrogenase reductase in mitochondria, which induces apoptosis and ROS production (Takuma et al. 2005).
Asymmetric Reduction of C=N Bonds by Imine Reductases and Reductive Aminases
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Matthias Höhne, Philipp Matzel, Martin Gand
The substrate acceptance of norcraugsodine reductase (NR) and three similar proteins belonging to the same short-chain dehydrogenase family was investigated using two cyclic imines, one iminium ion, and the acyclic imine (E)-N-(1-phenylethylidene)-aniline (Roth et al., 2018).
Evaluation of the drug–drug interaction potential for trazpiroben (TAK-906), a D2/D3 receptor antagonist for gastroparesis, towards cytochrome P450s and transporters
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Mitsuhiro Nishihara, Diane Ramsden, Suresh K. Balani
The reductase involved in [14C]trazpiroben metabolism was estimated based on the effect of reductase inhibitors using HLC. Typical reductase inhibitors were selected according to information in the literature (Rosemond et al.2004, Ramsden et al.2018). Phenobarbital, flufenamic acid, zopolrestat, chenodeoxycholic acid, and dexamethasone were used as aldo-keto reductase (AKR), 4-methylpyrazole was as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, disulphiram was as an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, quercetin and menadione were as short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) and carbonyl reductase (CR) inhibitors, and dicumarol was as a quinone reductase inhibitor, respectively. The remaining activity was calculated as the percentage to the total radioactivity of the M23 peak in the sample with each inhibitor when the corresponding percentage in each control sample was regarded as 100%. The inhibition was calculated using the following equation: samp is the percentage to the total radioactivity of the M23 peak in the sample with each inhibitor (%) and PRcont is the percentage to the total radioactivity of the M23 peak in each control sample (%).
Completion of the gut microbial epi-bile acid pathway
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Heidi L. Doden, Patricia G. Wolf, H. Rex Gaskins, Karthik Anantharaman, João M. P. Alves, Jason M. Ridlon
After bile acid 12β-HSDH activity was confirmed in C. paraputrificum ATCC 25780, its genome was searched for genes encoding proteins annotated as oxidoreductases within the NCBI database. HSDHs are NAD(P)-dependent and often members of the large and diverse SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) family.21 Five SDR family oxidoreductase proteins and one aldo/keto reductase were identified as 12β-HSDH candidates in the C. paraputrificum ATCC 25780 genome and pursued for further study. These six genes were amplified from genomic DNA of C. paraputrificum ATCC 25780, cloned into the pET-28a(+) vector, and overexpressed in E. coli (Table S1). The N-terminal His6-tagged recombinant proteins were purified by metal-affinity chromatography and resolved by SDS-PAGE (Figure 3a).
High alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae causes fatty liver disease through 2,3-butanediol fermentation pathway in vivo
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Nan-Nan Li, Wei Li, Jun-Xia Feng, Bing Du, Rui Zhang, Shu-Heng Du, Shi-Yu Liu, Guan-Hua Xue, Chao Yan, Jing-Hua Cui, Han-Qing Zhao, Yan-Ling Feng, Lin Gan, Qun Zhang, Wei-Wei Zhang, Di Liu, Chen Chen, Jing Yuan
To investigate the roles of genomic heterogeneity and capsular serotypes in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae strains, we sequenced the genomes of these strains were sequenced (Figure 1b, c). Sequencing results showed that the genome sizes of the eight isolated strains ranged from 5,296,799 bp to 5,584,287 bp, encoding 5053–5911 open reading frames (ORFs), along with 0 to 2 plasmids. The length of the plasmids ranged from 104,656bp to 1,893,830 bp (Table S1). In these strains, approximately 73%/ 97% of the proteins had COG/KEGG annotations, except for strain TE2.1, which had only 51.28%/74.73% of annotations, respectively (Table S1). We focused on the genes involved in the alcohol-producing pathway. The gene sequences were selected for alignment using CLC Genomics Workbench 11. As shown in Figure 1c, thirty-four genes were listed according to their functional annotations and protein sequence similarity, and the numbers of genes were counted in each strain. Compared with ATCC BAA-2146, the HiAlc Kpn strains W14 and TH1 possessed short chain dehydrogenase 2 but lacked the gatD gene and zinc-binding dehydrogenase. The HiAlc Kpn strains LA13.1, LA4.1, and F4.1, and the MedAlc Kpn strains F1.1 and F3.1 lacked iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase 2. The MedAlc Kpn strain TE2.1 lacked NADP-dependent oxidoreductase, pduQ, and Zn-dependent oxidoreductase.