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Cultural and Gender Adaptations of Evidence-Based Family Interventions
Published in Marc H. Bornstein, Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 and Families, Parents, and Children, 2020
Karol L. Kumpfer, Catia Magalhães, Jing Xie, Sheetal Kanse
Sexual abuse also appears to be a strong risk factor for girls and women, possibly due to the higher prevalence of victimization. On average, at least one in three women is beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused by an intimate partner in the course of her lifetime (United Nations, 2008). Higher percentages (55% to 95%) of women as compared to men in drug treatment facilities were sexually abused as a child (Kumpfer & Bays, 1995). In the USA, the prevalence of sexual abuse was reported to be 60% for incarcerated female and 20% for male adolescents (Dembo et al., 2000). Finally, youth who misuse alcohol, marijuana, or drugs are at increased risk of victimization, with female substance users at particularly elevated risk of sexual assault (Testa & Livingston, 2009).
Professional Betrayal
Published in Paul Ian Steinberg, Psychoanalysis in Medicine, 2020
This article deals with sexual abuse of adult female patients by male physicians, by far the most commonly identified form of sexual abuse of adult patients. Sexual victimization has been divided into two groups: situations in which one person exerts force over another (rape); and situations in which one person exerts pressure over another person of unequal status. In the latter case, the individual in authority uses sex to take advantage of someone with less power (Burgess, 1981). McPhedran et al. (1991) distinguish between sexual impropriety and sexual abuse for penalty considerations. Sexual impropriety is defined as verbal behavior that is seductive or sexually demeaning to a patient, including inappropriate procedures and comments. Sexual abuse is defined as including physician–patient sexual activity, and any conduct with a patient that is sexual, or may be reasonably interpreted to be sexual, including sexual intercourse, kissing and touching breasts or genitals. The American Medical Association’s Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs has concluded that sexual contact during a physician–patient relationship is unethical, that sexual contact with a former patient may be unethical, that education on ethical issues in sexual misconduct should be included in medical training, and that it is especially important to report offending colleagues (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association, 1991).
The Sexual Victimization of Patients with Functional Somatic Syndromes
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
Data regarding sexual abuse were collected with a five-item questionnaire adapted from the source (Drossman et al., 1990) used by Boisset-Pioro and her colleagues (1995). The frequency, duration, and degree of violence of sexual abuse were also recorded.
Awareness, Incidence and Psychological Wellbeing of Childhood Sexual Abuse as Reported by Ultra-Orthodox Mothers
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2023
Esti Vega, Rivka Tuval Mashiach
We hypothesized that mothers who reported receiving psychotherapeutic treatment would report higher psychological wellbeing. This hypothesis was refuted; an inverse relationship was found between receiving therapy and psychological wellbeing; that is, mothers who reported receiving therapy suffered from higher levels of distress than those who had not been in therapy. This finding contradicts prior knowledge on the association between sexual abuse, treatment, and psychological distress. Most studies show that therapy promotes recovery for sexual abuse survivors and that the importance of therapy is not only in alleviating distress but also in prevention of the development of future problems and symptomology (Greenspan et al., 2013; Hetzel-Riggin et al., 2007; Passarela et al., 2010; Sánchez-Meca et al., 2011).
Cultural Determinants and Parent-Child Communication as an Effective Tool to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse: A Quick Qualitative Study
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2023
S. Olutayo Fakunle, A. Aderemi Opadere
Advocacy of using the bottom-up approach to solve social problems is trendy among scholars in the contemporary period, the institution of family as the primary agent of socialization, has been pinpointed as a potential channel to utilize the bottom-up approach to prevent child sexual abuse (Othman et al., 2020; Palusci & Ilardi, 2019; Usonwu et al., 2021). The family, via the elderly members, is saddled with the responsibility of enlightening the children on a wide range of cultural values and social norms, including sexual activities, the causes of sexual abuse, and fighting for the children, who are victims of sexual abuse. Parents might not be the custodians of the law to protect their children’s legal rights against being sexually abused. The parents are expected to guide and support the children by discussing the constituents of sexual abuse with them as a way to enlighten their wards. Also, reporting any suspected sexual abuse activity to the appropriate authorities for the appropriate corrective measures for both the involved child and the suspected perpetrator of the crime constitutes another form of parental responsibility to protect the children.
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2023
Kira L. Alqueza, David Pagliaccio, Katherine Durham, Apoorva Srinivasan, Jeremy G. Stewart, Randy P. Auerbach
The CTQ is a 25-item self-report measure that assesses childhood traumatic experiences. Items are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (never true) to 5 (very often true), with higher scores indicating more severe abuse and/or neglect. Following published guidelines (Bernstein & Fink, 1998), we dichotomized the 5-item subscales to index the presence/absence of physical (scores ≥ 8) and sexual (scores ≥ 6) abuse. Dichotomized scores are preferred, as continuous abuse severity is typically highly positively skewed, and the presence/absence scores are associated with superior criterion-related validity in clinical samples (Bernstein et al., 2003). The present study focused on physical and sexual abuse. The reliability of items in the physical (α = 0.81) and sexual abuse (α = 0.94) subscales was good and excellent, respectively.