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Composition and Diversity of Human Oral Microbiome
Published in Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Microbial Biofilms, 2017
Preethi Balan, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne and Wim Crielaard
The oral microbiota continuously slough into the saliva, rendering salivary microbiome as a blueprint of the oral microbiome [45]. Saliva has the highest median alpha diversities of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) but one of the lowest beta diversities. In other words, each individual’s saliva is observed to be ecologically rich, but members of the population share similar salivary organisms [42]. Saliva and other oral samples, for instance dental plaque, clustered distinctly in the principal coordinates analysis based on OTU abundance, indicating that the bacterial community of subgingival plaque is distinct from those present in saliva [47]. (Figure 4.4 depicts unpublished data from Dr. Seneviratne’s laboratory.) The microbiomes associated with health and diseased states are shown to be very distinctive. For example, the species involved in dental caries or periodontal disease are not detected in supragingival and subgingival plaques from clinically healthy teeth [10]. Therefore, it is vital to have an insight into the oral microbiome at a resolution of NGS to obtain a deeper understanding of the microbial role in health and disease.
Oral microbiome in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Dongxin Da, Qianhua Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wanqing Wu, Xiaoli Zeng, Xiaoniu Liang, Yiwei Jiang, Zhenxu Xiao, Jin Yu, Saineng Ding, Li Zheng, Ying Zhang, Xiaogang Xu, Ding Ding
Several previous studies have demonstrated the association between oral periodontal pathogens and cognitive decline. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation caused by dental plaque in periodontal tissues, and the ‘red complex’ plays an important role in the formation of dental plaque biofilm [33]. The ‘red complex’ was periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola [34]. However, inconsistent with previous studies, three species belonging to ‘red complex’ were not found to be significantly different in both groups. There were two reasons as the explanation. First, the structure of salivary microbiome might be different from that in peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain. Second, most of the above studies only focused on one or two species of bacteria. Confounding factors including the microbial interaction might not be controlled.
Enrichment of sulphate-reducers and depletion of butyrate-producers may be hyperglycaemia signatures in the diabetic oral microbiome
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Camilla Pedrosa Vieira Lima, Daniela Corrêa Grisi, Maria Do Carmo Machado Guimarães, Loise Pedrosa Salles, Paula de Castro Kruly, Thuy Do, Luiz Gustavo Dos Anjos Borges, Naile Dame-Teixeira
Our results confirmed the importance of analysing not only the main taxa present but also the microorganisms in low abundance, as these may be impacted by clinical parameters. Current research on the salivary microbiome has mainly been restricted to the identification of the most abundant microbiota associated with health or disease. We believe that this strategy could cause an incomplete misunderstanding of the ecology and environment as metabolic functions exerted by low-abundant microorganisms can be linked to the dysbiotic microhabitats in a sort of ‘butterfly effect’ [58]. This can be clearly observed by the inclusion of Desulfobulbus in the analysis, even at very low relative abundance. Although representing a minority taxon, its ubiquity and association with clinical parameters were found to be consistent. Besides, the network analysis indicated its important role in the microbiome, as discussed above.
Co-occurrence of yeast, streptococci, dental decay, and gingivitis in the post-partum period: results of a longitudinal study
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Kirtana Ramadugu, Freida Blostein, Deesha Bhaumik, Wenwen Jiang, Elyse Davis, Elizabeth Salzman, Usha Srinivasan, Carl F. Marrs, Katherine Neiswanger, Daniel W. McNeil, Mary L. Marazita, Betsy Foxman
We describe associations between the presence of active decay and the oral microbial community at two post-partum time points, and by geographic area and behavioral factors among 101 women at high risk of dental decay. The composition of the microbiome overall and of specific taxa was relatively stable between 2 months and 1- or 2-year post-partum and were similar between women enrolled in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. We confirm previously reported associations between the presence of C. albicans and active decay, and present data suggesting that there is a higher prevalence of active decay when C. albicans and S. mutans are both present than in the presence of S. mutans alone, consistent with an earlier report among a pediatric population [7]. We further observe that the prevalence of generalized gingivitis increased during the post-partum period, possibly because habits that ceased or lessened during pregnancy – most notably smoking – increased (In Pennsylvania, at 2-month post-partum 24.7% reported smoking compared to 28.6% at 12 months; in West Virginia, at 2-month post-partum 41.7% reported smoking compared to 50% at 24 months). Current breastfeeding was negatively associated with both active decay and generalized gingivitis. Whether this is a marker for physiologic or behavioral changes associated with breastfeeding (or both), or a general focus on health behaviors, is uncertain. Finally, we provide new insights into the known association between gingivitis and dental caries based on assessments of the salivary microbiome.