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Tracheal and Bronchial Developmental Abnormalities, and Inflammatory Diseases including Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis and Bronchiolitis.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Twenty to thirty years ago when bronchiectasis was more common, mainly as a result of childhood measles or whooping-cough, bronchograms were frequently carried out to determine the amount of disease for assessment prior to possible surgical resection of the worst affected areas. Various forms were noted, i.e. saccular, tubular or no actual sacs (but loss of smaller side branches, as following bronchiolitis).
Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James A. Mastrianni, Elizabeth A. Harris
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix–Saguenay (ARSACS) results from a mutation in the SACS gene which encodes the protein sacsin, whose function is unknown, although it has homology to a number of heat-shock proteins.
Interstitial, Cornual, and Angular Pregnancy
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Gestational sacs <3.5 cm (mean sac diameter) can be treated by cornuostomy [29], whereas cornual resection is advisable for sacs >4 cm [25]. In a retrospective study of 53 interstitial pregnancies, 52 were successfully managed laparoscopically (33 had wedge resection, 13 had cornuostomy, 7 had salpingectomy), whereas only one was converted to a laparotomy [39]. Another retrospective study of 75 interstitial pregnancies compared laparoscopic cornuostomy and cornual resection procedures and found that the mean operative time was shorter for cornuostomy (59.36 minutes vs 77.11 minutes, P < .03). Gestational age, return to operating room, and persistent interstitial pregnancy were comparable between the two groups [34, 40]. In a series of 38 interstitial pregnancies after IVF/ET, Wang et al. found that the overall risk of persistent interstitial pregnancy after cornuostomy was 7.9% [4]. They also found the rate of persistent interstitial pregnancy to be higher in ruptured cases (27.3%); this is probably due to the increased invasiveness of ruptured cases as compared to intact sacs, which are less invasive and permit removal of the entire sac [4].
Correlative effect between sac regression and clinical outcomes following endovascular repair in abdominal aortic aneurysm: fact or myth?
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Mohammed Al-Tawil, Eduardo Muscogliati, Matti Jubouri, Priyanshu Saha, Ravi Patel, Idhrees Mohammed, Damian M. Bailey, Ian M. Williams, Mohamad Bashir
A more recent article by Esposito and colleagues showed that the 12-year overall survival rate was significantly higher in patients with regressing sacs compared to those with stable sacs (65% vs. 42.9%; p < 0.001). Still, no significant difference was observed in terms of freedom from aneurysm-related mortality (95.4% vs. 97.3%; p = 0.493) [16]. This concludes that a stable sac should remain under close surveillance as it can negatively influence long-term longevity. Li et al. [7], employing fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair, further ascertained the prognostic value of sac regression; they showed that a regressed sac (≥5 mm at 33 months follow-up) was associated with significantly improved survival (HR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.15–0.73]; p = 0.006) and lower non-branch related reintervention (HR = 0.078, 95% CI [0.01–0.61]; p = 0.015).
Outcomes of optic nerve sheath fenestration from superomedial eyelid crease approach
Published in Orbit, 2022
Amina I. Malik, Jiaqiong Xu, Andrew G. Lee
In this study, optic nerve sheath biopsy was performed in eight cases, with one yielding a diagnostic result (chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a patient with negative lumbar puncture). In a study examining the role of biopsy in diagnosis from ONSF in 90 cases, the pathologic evaluation did not change known diagnoses or elucidate the etiology of unknown diagnoses in any case. In this same study, a survey of the members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) was performed. Optic nerve sheath biopsy in six patients returned with unexpected results, including meningioma, lymphoma, metastatic breast cancer, metastatic carcinoma, and fungal optic neuritis.3 The subject of intraoperative biopsy is familiar in the oculoplastics literature. For example, some surgeons advocate for routine biopsy of lacrimal sacs, whereas others only biopsy abnormal-appearing sacs.29 The routine biopsy of optic nerve sheath based on this and previous studies are likely not cost effective, although some surgeons advocate pathological examination to document a successful surgery.
Differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells by soft agar three-dimensional culture system
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Elham Mohammadzadeh, Tooba Mirzapour, Mohammad Reza Nowroozi, Hamid Nazarian, Abbas Piryaei, Fatemeh Alipour, Sayed Mostafa Modarres Mousavi, Marefat Ghaffari Novin
In fact, it can be concluded that the cells in the SACS group started to develop faster during the time of this study. The high expression of Acrosin on this day in the SACS group may be due to the fact that the 3D culture system is more appropriate than other two groups for differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. The results obtained in this study are in line with the results of Goharbakhsh et al. (2013), which showed that two-dimensional gelatin cannot support spermatogonial stem cell clusters in long-term culture [40]. It can be concluded that, with the support of a medically conditioned medium derived from Sertoli cells of obstructive azoospermic patients, RA and the three-dimensional SACS (due to its greater similarity to the testicular structure in the body), a higher level of SSCs differentiation is observed compared to other studied groups.