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Articular Cartilage Development
Published in Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi, Articular Cartilage, 2017
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi
Sox5, Sox6, and Sox9 are members of the Sox (sex-determining region Y-box) protein family and the High-Mobility Group (HMG) super family of DNA binding proteins, which are characterized by sequence homology to the HMG domain of the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome. Sox9 is the master regulator of chondrocyte differentiation and is coexpressed with Sox5 (as L-Sox5) and Sox6 (Akiyama et al. 2002; Akiyama 2008).
Testis Cancer
Published in Anthony R. Mundy, John M. Fitzpatrick, David E. Neal, Nicholas J. R. George, The Scientific Basis of Urology, 2010
Danish Mazhar, Michael Williams
The consistent gain of genetic material from chromosome 12 seen in these tumors suggests that it has a crucial role in their development. Some investigators have identified an amplified region at 12p11.2-12.1. Several genes of interest are located in this region including SOX5, JAW1 and K-RAS (79). However, data suggests that this minimally deleted region applies preferentially to seminomas, suggesting that the search for putative relevant genes should not be restricted to this region. For example, Houldsworth et al. have implicated cyclin D2, which is mapped to region 12p13, as the most likely gene to be involved (81).
Circular RNA from phosphodiesterase 4D can attenuate chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix degradation under OA milieu induced by IL-1β via circPDE4D/miR-4306/SOX9 Cascade
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2022
Lixia Gao, Xiaoyun Wang, Jian Xiong, Yan Ma
SOX9 could be directly regulated by multiple miRNAs [14], but only a few miRNAs had been identified to target SOX9-3′UTR in regulating chondrocyte matrix production [12,27,28]. Here, we declared miR-4306 as a novel direct regulator for SOX9, and miR-4306/SOX9 axis controlled IL-1β-induced OA phenotypes in chondrocytes via circPDE4D-initiated ceRNA regulatory cascade. Nevertheless, the function of circPDE4D/miR-4306/SOX9 in cartilage matrix degradation in vivo was not further explored, just like Wu and his colleagues did [18]. SOX5, SOX6, and COL2A1 were documented transcriptional targets for SOX9 [29,30], and in this study we monitored that COL2A1 expression was positively regulated by circPDE4D/miR-4306/SOX9 signaling pathway. However, whether SOX5 and SOX6 expressions could be controlled by the circPDE4D/miR-4306/SOX9 axis was not investigated in this study.
Molecular Genetics of Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
Jamshid Motaei, Arash Salmaninejad, Ebrahim Jamali, Imaneh Khorsand, Mohammad Ahmadvand, Sasan Shabani, Farshid Karimi, Mohammad Sadegh Nazari, Golsa Ketabchi, Fatemeh Naqipour
RUNX2 gene plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. The expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) in chondrocytes induces expression of RUNX2 in mesenchymal stem cells during the development of the endochondral bone. Then, Runx2, by inhibiting the differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and adipocytes, induces them to osteoblast progenitors. In knockout mice for Ihh-/-, osteoblasts and expression of Runx2 in perichondrium are completely absent [30]. Sp7, Runx2 and canonical Wnt signaling cause osteoblast progenitors differentiation into immature osteoblasts. Expression of Sp7 is regulated by Runx2. Osteoblast progenitors have the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes that are inhibited by canonical Wnt signaling and Sp7 (27). Notch signaling inhibits Runx2 through the Hes and Hey transcriptional inhibitors, as a result, with the proliferation of mesenchymal cells, their differentiation into osteoblasts are inhibited [31]. Runx2 expression decreases during osteoblasts maturation [32]. In the process of endochondral ossification, Runx2 plays an important role in the chondrocytes maturation. Sox5, Sox6 and Sox9 control the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into immature chondrocytes [27]. Overexpression of RUNX2 in transgenic mice increased the chondrocyte maturation and endochondral bone formation. While the expression of dominant-negative Runx2 in mice inhibited chondrocyte maturation and delayed endochondral ossification [33]. Therefore, Runx2 plays an important role in the development of chondrocytes from immature chondrocytes.
FASN Targeted by miR-497-5p Regulates Cell Behaviors in Cervical Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Haiyan Zhang, Runmei Wang, Xuerui Tang, Jun Li, Jie Li, Mingxin Wang
It has been widely accepted that abnormal expression of miRNAs could play a crucial role in tumor progress (14). For example, miRNAs like miR-214 (15), miR-140-3p (16), and miR-525-5p (17) can affect tumor-relevant cell behaviors. Studies demonstrated that miR-497-5p is notably lowly expressed in angiosarcoma cells, serving as a tumor suppressor (18). Low levels of miR-497-5p blocks DNA synthesis of gastric cancer cells via mediating PDK3 (19). MiR-497-5p expression is notably reduced in non-small cell lung cancer, and its overexpression can inhibit progression of non-small cell lung cancer cells by degenerating SOX5 (20). However, mechanism of miR-497-5p in CC are still poorly understood.