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Sensors and the Internet of Things
Published in Connie White Delaney, Charlotte A. Weaver, Joyce Sensmeier, Lisiane Pruinelli, Patrick Weber, Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century – Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition, Book 3, 2022
The same building blocks of the IoT, sensors, networks and standards which provide opportunities to improve care for inpatients are also benefiting outpatients. Historically, the resources needed to care for patients have been centralized in hospitals and clinics. These resources include health professional staff, medical equipment and supplies, treatment rooms and so forth. Centralizing resources in a hospital-centric model has been necessary because medical equipment was not mobile, communication networks such as the Internet were not established and sensors were not technologically advanced enough to accurately monitor patients outside of the hospital. Thus, it was more efficient and cost effective to consolidate resources in one location such as a hospital to care for patients.
Artificial Intelligence Based COVID-19 Detection using Medical Imaging Methods: A Review
Published in S. Prabha, P. Karthikeyan, K. Kamalanand, N. Selvaganesan, Computational Modelling and Imaging for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, 2021
M Murugappan, Ali K Bourisly, Palani Thanaraj Krishnan, Vasanthan Maruthapillai, Hariharan Muthusamy
Artificial-Intelligence-based (AI-based) clinical diagnosis systems are prevalent in many healthcare systems; they have resulted in paradigm shifts over recent years in healthcare delivery. The power of AI-based systems is that they produce accurate and reliable diagnosis results in a short period without fatigue. Also, AI systems are used to improve the workflow of a healthcare system by reducing the burden on human resources. In the case of COVID-19 detection, AI systems have been used to detect lesions and ground-glass opacities (GGO) in the CT scan images, which is faster compared to a manual clinical specialist diagnosis, thereby saving time of clinical specialists/physicians and significantly aiding them in the sometimes lengthy process of manually reading images one by one to identify high-risk cases. It also may significantly reduce patient time in the hospital, which poses a severe risk of spreading the virus (McCall 2020, Ali et al. 2020). Figure 1.2 illustrates the methodologies developed for the diagnosis of COVID infection from radiographic images (CT/X-ray) using various machine-learning and deep- learning methods (Figure 1.3).
Resources for families and the burden of therapy
Published in Alejandra Vilanova-Sánchez, Marc A. Levitt, Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, 2020
Greg Ryan, Lori Parker, Sarah Driesbach
As the burdens accumulate some patients are overwhelmed, and the consequences are likely to be poor health-care outcomes for individual patients, increasing strain on caregivers, and rising demand and costs of health-care services. In the face of these challenges, we need to better understand the resources that patients draw upon as they respond to the demands of both burdens of illness and burdens of treatment, and the ways that resources interact with health-care utilization.
Cause analysis of unsafe acts of pilots in general aviation accidents in China with a focus on management and organizational factors
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Qian Ma, Guojun Wang, Sven Buyle, Xuan Jiang
Resource management refers to corporate decisions on how to allocate, manage and maintain the organizational assets (personnel, monetary assets, equipment and facilities). It is noteworthy that the financial performance of GA enterprises has a critical impact on the resource management decisions. For example, GA enterprises in times of fiscal austerity tend to purchase low-cost and less effective equipment that have a higher risk of accidents. The operational process is defined as corporate decisions and rules governing the everyday activities of the organization. Often, topics including operations (operational tempo, time stress, production quotas), procedures (standards, defined objectives, documentation) and oversight (risk management, safety programmes) are covered in this category. In China, GA enterprises are more likely to be rated risky operators by the CAAC if they fail to establish a potential safety hazard investigation and treatment system or formulate a safety training programme and annual safety training plan. Organizational climate can be viewed as the prevailing working atmosphere within the organization, which comprises a broad class of variables that influence personnel performance such as policies, command structure and culture. Take command structure, e.g., if the command-chain of GA enterprises is confusing and no one knows who is in charge, organizational safety will easily suffer and accidents will happen.
Initial screening of compassion fatigue in a hospice palliative care team: validation of the silencing response scale
Published in Progress in Palliative Care, 2023
Jiyoung Chun, Ye Jean Kim, Kyung-Ah Kang
The meaningful clinical contribution of this study is the development of the SRS based on the attributes of the SR, which can be unconscious and intangible in the early stages of compassion fatigue. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify early symptoms of compassion fatigue. The SRS, a 16-item self-rated questionnaire, consists of a five-point Likert scale (1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = occasionally, 4 = often, and 5 = very often), with a higher total score indicating a higher level of SR. The SRS is a brief tool with 16 items. In an urgent and busy clinical situation, it can easily be used to identify medical staff SR at an early stage. To provide high-quality care and promote health outcomes, the work-related health of professional caregivers should be treated as an important issue. The SRS focuses on prevention rather than recovery. Therefore, it can contribute to improving the efficiency of human resource management in the clinical setting. Finally, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals in clinical settings are increasingly witnessing the sudden deaths of patients and the bereavement of their families. In the current clinical field, where exposure to unexpected tragedies and end-of-life with life-threatening illness is aggravated, the work-related health of healthcare professionals can be emphasized through the SRS.
Organizational influences on the use of low-value care in primary health care – a qualitative interview study with physicians in Sweden
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2022
Gabriella Lang, Sara Ingvarsson, Henna Hasson, Per Nilsen, Hanna Augustsson
We found that physicians perceived four types of organizational factors—resources, care processes, improvement activities, and governance—as influencing the use of LVC in primary health care. The category of resources includes time to care for patients, staff knowledge, and working tools. Care processes refer to work routines as well as how organizations prioritize activities and resources. Improvement activities involve performance measurement and improvement work to reduce LVC. Governance includes organizational goals, higher-level decision making, and the organization’s policies. Participants suggested multiple strategies addressing these four factors to reduce LVC, including increased patient–physician continuity, adjusted economic incentives, continuous professional development for physicians, as well as gatekeeping functions whichprevent unnecessary visits and guide patients to the appropriate point of care.