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The rab Gene Family
Published in Juan Carlos Lacal, Frank McCormick, The ras Superfamily of GTPases, 2017
Armand Tavitian, Ahmed Zahraoui
The acronym “rab” was first used in 1987 when four additional members of the ras gene family were isolated from a rat brain cDNA library by means of synthetic oligonucleotide probes.1 It was observed that these mammalian rab genes constituted a distinct branch of the ras superfamily, more closely related to two genes discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the YPT1 gene found serendipitously in 1983 by Gallwitz et al.2 and the newly characterized SEC4 gene involved in yeast secretion.3
Molecular Farming Antibodies in Plants: From Antibody Engineering to Antibody Production
Published in Maurizio Zanetti, J. Donald Capra, The Antibodies, 2002
Rainer Fischer, Ricarda Finnern, Olga Artsaenko, Stefan Schillberg
(b) expression of mouse-human chimeric and human antibodies, (c) expression of various rAb fragments (F(ab')2, Fab, scFvs, diabodies, bispecific scFvs and scFv fusionproteins), (d) expression of rAbs with diagnostic and/or therapeutic interest, (e) increase of expression on the genetic level by modifying regulatory elements in the plant expression vector, (f) expression in different plant species with faster biomass production and reduced levels of noxious compounds, (g) pilot-scale production by using appropriate fermentation technologies (e.g., stirred tank reactor or airlift-fermenter) and (h) choice of media and addition of selective supplementation additives. Suspension cell cultures have been used for scFv production [241] and a bryodin-scFv immunotoxin [269], underlining the importance of this novel production system.
Ancestors
Published in Alice Bullard, Spiritual and Mental Health Crisis in Globalizing Senegal, 2022
Zempleni’s study of the role of the spirits in the life of Khady Fall, a possessed Wolof priestess, describes the intersection of gender, animism, Islam, and French colonization. The dynamics revealed are unusual. As presented by Zempleni, Khady Fall’s personal journey through illness, years of peregrinations, and, finally, into a successful practice as a ndöepkat in Dakar, expressed a struggle for recognition and empowerment. Normally rab are transmitted via maternal lineages. In Khady Fall’s family, her father’s lineage transmitted rab and as well produced male guardians and officiants of the rab. If inheriting rab via the paternal lineage was somewhat unusual, tracing out Fall’s lineage reveals even more surprises. Contrary to the dominant trend, possibly because Fall’s heritage was largely Muslim on her maternal (Toucoleur) side and largely pagan on her paternal (Wolof) side, in her family the ancestor cults were more associated with men than women. In Fall’s family the paternal transmission of the rab produced, in turn, male heritors of the spirits. Fall’s prolonged illness and difficulty in assuming the roles of guardian of the rab and healer hinged on the struggle to assert her destiny over and against the paternal lineage and presumed male inheritance of healing powers. As an example of the interactions between gender, Islam and the rab, then, Fall’s story is unusual. The paternal lineage of Fall’s rab contrast with the more common maternal rab lineage. Nonetheless, Khady Fall’s life demonstrates how women could forge empowering alliances with the rab.
The role of personal and household members’ substance use in health-related quality of life in women living with HIV/AIDS
Published in AIDS Care, 2018
Cui Yang, Peter DeBartolo, Mary E. McCaul, Heidi E. Hutton, Hirut Gebrekristos, Geetanjali Chander
Personal alcohol use was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C) which was completed using the ACASI. The AUDIT-C is a screening instrument for hazardous alcohol use. Consisting of the first three questions of the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT) (Bradley et al., 2007), this 3-item instrument has been validated in men, women, and multiple racial and ethnic groups (Frank et al., 2008). We used a cut-off score of ≥3 for detecting hazardous or harmful drinking among women (Reinert & Allen, 2007). Drug use was ascertained using TLFB and Risk Assessment Battery (RAB) (Navaline et al., 1994). RAB is a self-administered questionnaire developed to assess drug use associated with HIV transmission risk behaviors. In this study, illicit drug use was categorized as yes/no based on the use of any heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines, cannabis or marijuana in the past month.
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of phytoecdysones and triterpenoid saponins of monomer, crude and processed Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae by UHPLC-MS/MS
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Liu Yang, Hai Jiang, Meiling Yan, Xudong Xing, Xinyue Guo, Wenjing Man, Ajiao Hou, Bingyou Yang, Qiuhong Wang, Haixue Kuang
β-ecdysterone, 25-R inokosterone, 25-S inokosterone, ginsenoside R0, chikusetsusaponin IVa and glycyrrhizin (internal standard (IS)) were obtained from Chengdu Must Bio-Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China. The purity of all chemicals was determined to be more than 98% by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC grade acetonitrile was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). HPLC grade acetic acid was obtained from DIKMA. Other reagent solutions and chemicals were of analytical grade. The RAB was collected from Henan province of China in 2016 and were identified by Prof. Lianjie Su and the voucher specimens (accession number, PC2012216019) were deposited at Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Choroideremia: molecular mechanisms and development of AAV gene therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2018
Maria I Patrício, Alun R Barnard, Kanmin Xue, Robert E MacLaren
The second class of prenyl transferases consists of the GGTase-II. This enzyme is also known as Rab geranylgeranyl transferase because it attaches geranylgeranyl groups only to members of the Rab family of small GTP-binding proteins, with a CC, CXC, CCX, CCXX, CCXXX, or CXXX termination sequence (or prenylation motif) [23,26]. Rab proteins are key players in all pathways of intracellular trafficking [27,28]. They act as molecular switches, cycling between ‘inactive’ GDP-bound and ‘active’ GTP-bound states, which determine their reversible association with their target membranes (Figure 2). The cell homeostasis is highly dependent on the spatial and temporal control of Rab activity, hence the importance of its regulation [27,28].