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Lichen Planus
Published in Nilton Di Chiacchio, Antonella Tosti, Therapies for Nail Disorders, 2020
Bianca Maria Piraccini, Aurora Alessandrini, Michela Starace
Surely a bad prognosis is reported in cicatricial and severe forms of nail LP, such as idiopathic atrophy or bullous variant, where the therapy is indicated to stop the progression and avoid scarring and total nail loss. In other forms, the answer is dependent upon the degree of the inflammation and the starting of atrophy. If the matrix and nail bed are completely involved with an exuberant destructive inflammatory process, a total loss of the nail plate and permanent atrophy with scarring will result. Nail LP has a negative long-term prognosis in a considerably high percentage of patients, if we consider patients who do not respond to the initial steroid treatment (20% of cases) and those with nonresponsive relapses (about 30% of the cured patients). Cicatricial outcome with the formation of dorsal pterygium is, however, rare and does not appear to be related to duration of the disease.
Nails in systemic disease
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Pterygium unguis results from scarring involving the nail fold, which extends into the nail matrix (dorsal pterygium). It occurs when a central fibrotic band divides a nail proximally into two, obstructing normal nail growth (ventral pterygium). A large pterygium may destroy the whole nail.3 The causes of pterygium have been listed in Box 20.5.2–4
Injuries and risks while lifeguarding
Published in Mike Tipton, Adam Wooler, The Science of Beach Lifeguarding, 2018
Peter Wernicki, Christy Northfield
The sun can also cause damage to the eyes. UV ray exposure from the sun has been shown to cause several conditions such as pterygium, pinguecula and cataracts [16]. The most common is pterygium. In a recent Miami Beach survey, numerous lifeguards exhibited this condition [17]. The inflammation of the sclera characteristic of pterygium can lead to a loss of vision and may require surgery [3]. Any changes in the appearance of the eye or any changes in vision should be evaluated and treated by an ophthalmologist. Most of these ocular conditions can be successfully treated without any permanent loss of vision, but they often require significant days out of work for recovery [18]. Salt water and blowing sand can also be factors in eye injuries; however, the number one cause is UV exposure. Requiring all beach lifeguards to wear sunglasses with 100% UV screening significantly reduces eye injury. Use should be required even on cloudy days when the UV exposure is still high.
Doxycycline Suppresses Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Pterygium Fibroblasts
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Meng-Xuan He, Jun-Fang Zhang, Ling Yang, Bai Qin, Hong-Wei Gu, Qiu-Yang Tang, Huai-Jin Guan, Hai-Hong Shi
Pterygium is an aberrant wound healing process, characterized by centripetal growth of a leading edge of altered limbal epithelial cells, followed by a squamous metaplastic epithelium with goblet cell hyperplasia and an underlying stroma of activated, proliferating fibroblasts, neovascularization, inflammatory cells, and extracellular matrix remodelling.1 It is a common ocular surface disorder, especially in the pterygium belt near the equator. Pterygium not only affects the appearance of the eye but also leads to dry eye manifestations, such as tearing, itching, and/or burning. As the lesion extends to the optical zone, irregular astigmatism and even severe visual impairment can result.2 Although pterygium is a nonneoplastic lesion, it has many tumour-like features, such as mild dysplasia, local infiltration, high recurrence rate, expression of oncogenic proteins, loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability.2 Therefore, some researchers believe that it is a tumour-like lesion. In the past few years, only Li et al.3 have indicated that Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) occurs in pterygium, which is part of the blood supply of the pterygium and is associated with its development.
RhoA/ROCK Signaling Regulates TGF-β1-Induced Fibrotic Effects in Human Pterygium Fibroblasts through MRTF-A
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Jiajun Xie, Qingyao Ning, Huina Zhang, Shuang Ni, Juan Ye
Pterygium is a triangular-shaped and invasive overgrowth of fibrovascular conjunctiva over the cornea, which can cause visual impairment, astigmatism, ocular irritation, and cosmetic issues.1,2 Although pterygium is a benign disease, it shows characterizations such as uncontrolled proliferation, migration, inflammatory infiltrates, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling.3 Surgical excision with tissue grafting, such as conjunctival autograft, or amniotic membrane transplants is the mainstream method for pterygium treatment.4 However, recurrence is a major challenge for both surgeons and patients, as it worsens the prognosis. To reduce postsurgical recurrences, adjuvant therapies such as mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), glucocorticoids, and radiotherapy have been attempted,5,6 but numerous adverse effects including stromalysis, corneal melting, and secondary ocular hypertension have limited their use.7–9 Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms of pterygium and to develop more targeted therapies to prevent recurrence.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Pterygia from Thai Individuals
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Ngamjit Kasetsuwan, Parvapan Bhattarakosol, Usanee Reinprayoon, Patchima Chantaren, Luckana Thammachotiruj, Nipaporn Maneerat
A total of 389 pterygium specimens from three different provinces in Thailand were obtained (n = 163 from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok; n = 81 from Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital, Sriracha, Chonburi province; and n = 145 from Chaophaya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Prachinburi province). At each site, a single surgeon performed pterygium excision with either a conjunctival autograft or an amniotic membrane graft. All fresh tissues were collected in sterile tubes containing phosphate buffered saline. After collection, samples from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital were transferred directly to the Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. The samples from Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital and Chaophaya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital were stored at −20°C before shipping on dry ice to the Virology Laboratory. All samples were stored at −80°C until use.