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Lung Cancer Vaccines
Published in Kishan J. Pandya, Julie R. Brahmer, Manuel Hidalgo, Lung Cancer, 2016
Cheryl Ho, Oliver Gautschi, Primo N. Lara, David R. Gandara, Angela M. Davies
The combination of polysialic acid (polySA) and KLH has been explored in SCLC. Polysialic acid contains more than 20 sialic acid residues. It modulates neural cell adhesion and exists as a polymer in embryonal tissues but is found in oligo form in adults. This large, negatively charged molecule interferes with neural cell adhesion and promotes cell motility. PolySA is also found on the surface of gram-negative bacteria including group B meningococcus. N-propionylation of polySA (NP polySA) boosts IgG response. There are limited amounts of polySA expressed in normal tissues (primarily the brain) however; it is overexpressed in SCLC, rendering it a good target for immunotherapy. KLH is found in the hemolymph of Megathura crenulata, a sea mollusk. It is a copper-containing glycoprotein that is immunostimulatory and has been used to promote immune response in multiple vaccines.
Polysialic acid-functionalized liposomes for efficient honokiol delivery to inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Xin Li, Shuang Guan, Henan Li, Dong Li, Dan Liu, Jing Wang, Wenquan Zhu, Guihua Xing, Liling Yue, Defu Cai, Qi Zhang
Polysialic acid (PSA) is an unusual linear polysaccharide, comprised of negatively-charged N-acetylneuraminic acid residues, linked specifically via α-2, 8- and α-2, 9-glycosidic bonds (Zhang T et al., 2016; Guo et al., 2019). As an endogenous and well-characterized carbohydrate polymer, PSA has the advantages of excellent hydrophilicity, non-immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, which is a recognized ideal ligand (Zhang Q et al., 2023). Furthermore, the monomeric unit of PSA (SA) can actively target tumor cells, serving as a targeting ligand for selectin receptors, which are highly expressed on tumor cells and tumor vascular endothelial cells. Thus, the feature of PSA is very beneficial for drug delivery. It could be used as a targeting ligand for the drug delivery system to improve the distribution of antitumor drugs in the tumor. It has been reported that PSA modified nanomedicines showed great potential in prolonging circulation half-life and reducing drug elimination rate in vivo (Wang XJ et al., 2019; Zhang Q et al. 2022).
Prevention of progressive hearing loss in a mouse model of diabetes by oral intake of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Takafumi Matsuura, Kazuma Sugahara, Yohei Yamamoto, Junko Tsuda, Makoto Hashimoto, Hiroshi Yamashita
Immunostaining results suggested that EPA administration promotes BDNF expression in the inner ear. There was no difference in the organ of corti, but BDNF expression was conspicuous in the TSOD (EPA+) group in the spiral limbus and spiral ganglion cells. In a study on guinea pig cochlea, polysialic acid was detected in the spiral limbus [18]. Polysialic acid has been reported to function as a reservoir for several neurotrophic factors including BDNF [19]. In addition to the prevention of spiral ganglion cell reduction and degeneration, the expression of BDNF in the spiral ganglion cells was more noticeable in the TSOD (EPA+) group than in the TSNO group. BDNF regulates SGN survival and neurite outgrowth in the developing cochlea [20]. Exogenous BDNF administered to the ears of hearing-impaired patients significantly enhances SGN survival and neurite remodeling [10]. It has been suggested that BDNF expression induced by EPA administration contributes to the prevention of spiral ganglion cell degeneration and decreases.
Lactoferrin for Mental Health: Neuro-Redox Regulation and Neuroprotective Effects across the Blood-Brain Barrier with Special Reference to Neuro-COVID-19
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Sreus A. G. Naidu, Taylor C. Wallace, Kelvin J. A. Davies, A. Satyanarayan Naidu
LF is considered as a conditional nutrient for neurodevelopment and neuroprotection, during the neonatal phase of rapid brain growth (Wang 2016). The multifunctional benefits of LF in neonatal food supplementation include: i) upregulation of canonical signaling pathways for neurodevelopment and cognition; ii) modulation of BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus; iii) upregulation of polysialic acid expression, a marker of neuroplasticity, cell migration and differentiation of progenitor cells, and the growth/targeting of axons; iv) upregulation of transcriptional and translational levels of BDNF and increased phosphorylation of the cyclic Adenosine Mono-Phosphate (cAMP) Response Element-Binding (CREB) protein, a downstream target of the BDNF signaling pathway. CREB is a protein of critical importance in neuro-development and cognition; and v) enhance cognitive function and learning (Chen et al. 2015). A high incidence of neurodevelopmental disabilities in premature infants has been attributed to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (CHI) from brain injury. In an experimental murine CHI model, LF supplementation showed neuroprotective benefits on brain metabolism, as well as recovery of cerebral gray and white matter. LF intervention seems promising for clinical management of preterm infants with CHI (van de Looij et al. 2014).