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Essential Oils as Carrier Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Romana Aichinger, Gerhard Buchbauer
Glycerosomes are carriers with vesicle structure for transdermal drug delivery that possess the ability to encapsulate drugs with a poor diffusion rate and poor bioavailability and transfer them through the skin barrier. They are formed by 5% (w/v) phospholipids (with their concentration increases the encapsulation efficiency), 0.6% (w/v) cholesterol (causing membrane rigidification), and 10% (v/v) glycerol (which influences the glycerosome particle size as it becomes bigger with the amount of glycerol in the water phase). If this vesicular formulation encapsulates paeoniflorin a potent alternative to treat rheumatoid arthritis—a long-lasting autoimmune disease that leads to synovium inflammation and lesions in joints—is built. Paeoniflorin is known for its anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects and derives from Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Paeoniaceae). As monoterpene glucoside, it is a hydrophilic drug that shows poor bioavailability with oral application and a low encapsulation rate. To facilitate the transdermal delivery of paeoniflorin in the glycerosomes, it is recommendable to add 2% (v/v) Speranskia tuberculata EO (STEO). This EO consists of 14 compounds, predominantly sesquiterpenes that are able to disturb the lipid bilayers. Thus glycerosomes packed with paeoniflorin and STEO—characterized by their spherical shape and uniform size—produce the best results in transdermal performance as they enhance the transdermal flux and increase the accumulation of paeoniflorin in the inflamed synovium and even maintain the drug concentration at a high level after a long time (Zhang et al., 2017).
Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects of Terpenes, Polyphenolics, and Other Non-Flavonoid Phytochemicals
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Paeoniflorin is a monoterpene glycoside that is a major active component of Paeonia lactiflora. This herb has long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and is one of the most commonly used ingredients in herbal combinations used to treat MDD, including xiao yao san, chai hu shugan, sini san, and others. It has potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, as well as anti‐allergic, antihyperglycemic, analgesic, and nootropic properties.144 There is an extensive literature showing antidepressant-like effects in rodents.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between peimine and paeoniflorin in rats and its potential mechanism
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Qiangjun Chen, Changlong Yin, Yongwei Li, Zhe Yang, Zongying Tian
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae) is also a commonly used cough remedy in paediatric cases that is well-known as the ‘Shaoyao Gancao Decoction’ (Chen et al. 2018). Paeoniflorin, the main bioactive compound isolated from Paeonia lactiflora (Chen et al. 2004), has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects (Xin et al. 2019). The therapeutic effect of paeoniflorin has been revealed in a variety of inflammatory disorder models, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and asthma (Zhang et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2016; Jia and He 2016; Zhou et al. 2018). The pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin could be affected by various drugs, such as glycyrrhizin, during the clinical co-administration (Sun et al. 2019).
Effects of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin in rats and its potential mechanism
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Hongjuan Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Juan Lv
Paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glycoside, is one of the principal bioactive components extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae) that has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years (Shao et al. 2016; Xu et al. 2018). Paeoniflorin possesses numerous pharmacological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects (He and Dai 2011). Because of its safety and immunoregulatory effects, paeoniflorin has been widely used in treating various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, allergic contact dermatitis and psoriasis (Zhang and Dai 2012; Zhao M et al. 2012; Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016; Zhao J et al. 2016).