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Mitigation of Obesity: A Phytotherapeutic Approach
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
A.B. Sharangi, Suddhasuchi Das
This plant belongs to Apocynaceae family (VanHeerden et al., 2002) and distributed in Northern Cape, Kimberley, Western Cape, the Southmost parts of the Free State as well as in Southwestern Namibia. It is consumed for its purported anti-obesity effect. Reduction in food intake, increased water consumption, reduced mean body mass gain, and body mass loss was evident in rats by a purified extract of Hoodia gordonii, as per one US patent (Vermaak et al., 2011). P57 has a likely mechanism of action in the central nervous system and is involved in the control of hunger, appetite, and temperature (MacLean and Luo, 2004).
Using Appropriate Methodology and Technology for Research and Development of African Traditional Medicines
Published in Charles Wambebe, African Indigenous Medical Knowledge and Human Health, 2018
Rasoanaivo Philippe, Merlin Wilcox, Bertrand Graz
It has been emphasized in the literature that the active components of Hoodia gordonii that suppress appetite are steroidal glycosides, of which the compound referred to as P57 or P57A53 (Figure 4.7) was reported to be the isolated appetite-suppressant principle (van Heerden, 2008). However, other unidentified constituents of Hoodia could contribute to its biological effects, and Hoodia may act on the body by mechanisms other than those already proposed in the scientific literature.
Emotional Health and Well-Being
Published in Deborah Fish Ragin, Health Psychology, 2017
Today, scientists continue to copy and reproduce for mass distribution the medicinal elements found in plants. Take, for example, the plant hoodia gordonii. “Hoodia,” as it is known in the United States, is a natural plant found in southern Africa used for centuries by the Sans people, a nomadic group living in the Kalahari desert of southern Africa. The Sans use hoodia gordonii to suppress appetite. You may wonder why a nomadic group would want to suppress their appetites. Simply put, the Sans hunt for their food. A hunt for a wildebeest or eland large enough for the needs of the tribe may take several days and may require hunters to be mobile. Hoodia gordonii helps the Sans sustain their energy while hunting and minimize hunger so they do not become distracted or too weak to hunt. Like the willow bark, the agents found in hoodia gordonii have been recently chemically reproduced by U.S. pharmaceutical companies and are now being sold in the United States as “P57,” a diet supplement for people who want to lose weight.
Management of trophoblastic tumors : review of evidence, current practice, and future directions
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2023
Antoine Deleuze, Christophe Massard, Fanny Le Du, Benoit You, Claudia Lefeuvre-Plesse, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, Thibault de la Motte Rouge
Premalignant forms encompass partial hydatidiform moles (PHM), CHM, and atypical placental site nodule (APSN). PHM have a triploid genome and arise from the fertilization of a haploid egg either by a single sperm with subsequent paternal chromosomes duplication or via dispermy. CHM are mostly monospermic 46×X developing after the fertilization of an empty egg by one sperm followed by duplication and more rarely dispermic 46×X or XY, arising from fertilization of an empty egg by two sperms. Hydatidiform moles are characterized by a trophoblastic proliferation associated with vesicular swelling of placental villi. PHM is usually associated with an abnormal fetus as the presence of both maternal and paternal chromosomes allows the development of embryonic tissue, whereas CHM is associated with the absence of fetal development [1,8]. The immunohistological staining for p57 is usually negative in CHM and found positive in PHM.
Cross talk between exosomes and pancreatic β-cells in diabetes
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Although natural regeneration of β-cells after injury is very limited, MSC-exos can promote β-cell proliferation through crosstalk with β-cell. CIP/KIP protein family members such as P27 and P57 are cell cycle inhibitors (Stein et al.2011, 2013, Avrahami et al.2014). Studies have found that intravenous injection of MSCs ameliorates hyperglycaemia of insulin-deficient diabetes, and miR-106b-5p and miR-222-3p carried by MSC-exos can down-regulate CIP/KIP proteins, thereby promoting cell proliferation (Tsukita et al.2017) (Figure 4④). It should be noted that the sequences of miR-106b-5p and miR-222-3p are identical in mice and humans. Therefore, the present results have major potential in the development of regenerative therapies for diabetes (Tsukita et al.2017). MSC-exos can promote β-cell proliferation, maturation, and insulin secretion. In addition, the exosomes secreted by menstrual blood-derived stem cells can increase PDX1 expression, the number of β-cells, and insulin production (Mahdipour et al.2019) (Figure 4⑤). Compared with retrieving bone marrow tissues, drawing blood and then using the isolated exosomes derived from blood MSCs is much less invasive and can be repeated without causing much damage to the donor, which may be a new treatment for diabetes.
Challenges in diagnosing hydatidiform moles: a review of promising molecular biomarkers
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Yating Zhao, Bo Huang, Lin Zhou, Luya Cai, Jianhua Qian
p57 is the protein product of the paternally imprinted but maternally expressed CDKN1C gene located on chromosome 11p15.5. p57 immunostaining is widely used to distinguish CHMs from non-CHM gestations with approximately 98.4% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity [36,37]. Because of the lack or aberrant expression of a maternal genome, CHMs, including BiCHMs [38], show negative p57 staining, with barely any or limited (<10%) p57 expression in the nuclei of both villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) and stromal cells, but in the extravillous trophoblast, the expression of p57 remains because CDKN1C is not imprinted in these cells, providing a useful internal control (Figure 1(a)). There are three main limitations to p57 immunostaining for HM diagnosis: 1) p57 staining is unable to distinguish PHMs from NM specimens, because they both show diffuse or extensive (>50%) nuclear p57 positivity (Figure 1(c,e)); 2) there are some atypical staining patterns called ‘discordant p57 staining’ and ‘divergent p57 staining,’ which may be encountered in androgenetic/biparental mosaic/chimeric conceptions [39–41] and mosaic specimens, respectively, which easily lead to misdiagnosis; and 3) an unexpected p57 expression pattern may occur in some special cases, for example, loss of maternal chromosome 11 in PHMs or retention of maternal chromosome 11 in CHMs [16,42], paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 [43,44], and NM abortuses with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome [45].