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Management of Natural Rubber Glove Sensitivity
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
A thorough medical history is essential in the diagnosis of NRL sensitivity. In a patient with suspected NRL glove sensitivity, the following aspects of the history should be asked in detail:44–46Duration and characteristics of the symptomsRelationship between the symptoms and the occupationDistribution of the lesionsPresence of extracutaneous symptomsTemporal relationship between suspected materials and development of lesionsPresence of personal or familial history of atopyConcomitant medicationsPresence of risk factors (Table 16.4)
Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
All gloves must meet the European Standard (Loveday et al. 2014). Types of disposable gloves include natural rubber latex (NRL), vinyl and nitrile. NRL is the material of choice due to the degree of protection offered and level of dexterity. To minimise the risk of developing latex sensitivity, NRL gloves must be low protein and powder-free. Staff who regularly use latex gloves must be monitored via occupational health for the development of latex sensitivity.
Latex Allergy
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Ronald D DeGuzman, Pudupakkam K Vedanthan
Immediate type I hypersensitivity to latex is mediated by an IgE response to these latex proteins. Exposure can occur via the skin, mucous membrane or the respiratory tract. In addition, mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts can be exposed by direct contact with NRL catheters and internal exposure can occur during surgical procedures by the use of NRL gloves or internally placed latex materials such as wound drains (Weissman and Lewis 2002). Patients become sensitized with plasma cells producing IgE to latex proteins. The IgE binds to the surfaces of mast cells and upon re-exposure to latex these sensitized cells release mediators leading to the onset of symptoms (Hepner and Castells 2003).
A league-wide investigation into variability of rugby league match running from 322 Super League games
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2021
Nicholas Dalton-Barron, Anna Palczewska, Shaun J. McLaren, Gordon Rennie, Clive Beggs, Gregory Roe, Ben Jones
We found little variability between-teams, for total distance, average speed, and average acceleration in any phase, as well as HSR distance in whole match, ball-in-play, and transition (CV ≤5%). This is somewhat surprising given the expected differences in playing styles, tactical organisation, and team success or form. Nonetheless, this means practitioners and researchers investigating displacement in rugby league match play can be confident in using the presented reference values. Although it is still unclear whether these findings are generalisable to other rugby league competitions such as the NRL, given that differences were previously found between an SL and an NRL team in terms of match displacement (Twist et al. 2014). However, we did observe high between-team CVs for HSR distance across attacking (16%) and defensive (18%) phases. This suggests that the differences in match displacement between teams may be captured by the higher intensity efforts performed. This is likely due to the interaction with technical performance indicators such as line breaks, missed tackles, or offloads, which have shown to discriminate successful teams in the NRL (Woods et al. 2017). Indeed, previous literature indicates that more successful teams, defined by final ladder position, tend to record lower HSR distances than their less successful counterparts whilst differences in average speed are trivial (Kempton et al. 2017). Although the final ladder position may not accurately describe the state of the team at the time of the match, these results still indicate differences in HSR exist between teams.
Rates of false positive outcomes on the A-WPTAS picture items in a sample of non-concussed athletes
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Joel Pienmunne, Jennifer Batchelor, Bianca De Wit, Paul Sowman
That study tested the measure in a sample of Australian Rules football players without concussion to determine the incidence of false positive outcomes: when an athlete who does not have concussion is incorrectly positively diagnosed with SRC. The results revealed that 98.4% of athletes passed the measure and only two of 127 players were falsely diagnosed with concussion, indicating good specificity in that context. Hayter et al. (8) also concluded that exercise was not a potential confounding factor because testing was conducted during short breaks in play, at which time athletes would have likely been affected by exercise and the associated physical fatigue. However, quantitative data was not collected regarding the extent of physical exertion, rendering it difficult to generalize from the results of that study. Exercise must not confound the results on a diagnostic measure if the scale is to be accurately used in a sporting context. Secondly, the time between the presentation of the pictures of the A-WPTAS and their recall was a minimum of 10 minutes in duration. However, in a sporting context, concussion testing is often placed under time constraints, such as 10 minutes in the National Rugby League (NRL). Hence, measures need to be tested within this timeframe to accurately judge their suitability as measures of SRC.
The association between multiple prior concussions, cognitive test scores, and symptom reporting in youth rugby league players
Published in Brain Injury, 2020
Andrew J. Gardner, David R. Howell, Grant L. Iverson
Rugby League is a high intensity collision sport played continuously for two 40-minute halves (12). Several studies have examined the rate of concussion in the National Rugby League (NRL; a professional competition) and under 20s competitions (i.e., elite amateur league) (13–15). The NRL consists of 16 clubs (15 from Australia and one from New Zealand). Each club provides teams, or affiliated teams, who participate in a number of competitions including: (i) the NRL (the highest tier of competition); (ii) the State Cups (in New South Wales Cup and Queensland Cup; the second tier of competition); (iii) the Jersey Flegg Cup (the under 20s competition); (iv) the SG Ball Cup (under 18s competition); and (v) the Harold Matthews Cup (under 16s competition). The concussion protocol is virtually identical at each level of play. Moreover, the match day medical staff at the NRL level also frequently serve as the match day medical staff at other levels of competition.