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Genetic Control of Factors Involved in Bronchial Asthma, Hay Fever, and Other Allergic States
Published in Stephen D. Litwin, Genetic Determinants of Pulmonary Disease, 2020
Wilma Β. Bias, David G. Marsh, Thomas Α. Ε. Ρlatts-Mills
With high and low IgE phenotypes defined, we then classified members of 28 families having a total of 108 offspring. We postulated that a single major locus regulates the total serum level of IgE and that possession of the regulator (R) allele would produce a phenotypically low level of IgE, with homozygous recessives (rr) having high IgE levels [38]. We then tested this hypothesis by analyzing the 24 families with at least one high IgE offspring. Mating types were classified as (1) low × low, (2) low × high, (3) high × high. Four families could not be analyzed because they had only low children. We found good agreement between the observed and predicted numbers of children with high IgE for each mating type (Table 1). Most important, the high × high matings (rr × rr) resulted only in progeny with high basal IgE levels. Preliminary linkage analysis indicated that the control of IgE level segregated independently from HLA and immunoglobulin allotypes (Gm and Inv) [40].
The Case for Single Gene Effects on Human Obesity
Published in Claude Bouchard, The Genetics of Obesity, 2020
Data published by Gam26 and data from this author’s laboratory27 on larger numbers of obese and lean mating types also suggest that the increase in risk from having two obese parents is too high to fit a single-gene recessive model. Moreover, the increase in risk associated with having one or two obese parents is roughly additive, a finding that is not consistent with the segregation of one recessively expressed obesity-predisposing gene.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Brunella Posteraro, Gianluigi Quaranta, Patrizia Posteraro, Maurizio Sanguinetti
As mating occurs only between a and α cells, the two types of haploid, describing mating behavior, are often called mating types.18 All three cell types can divide mitotically under favorable environmental conditions—S. cerevisiae is able to grow on a modest array of fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources (mostly six-carbon sugars). However, budding yeasts and other predominantly diploid species—many other yeast species, for example, K. lactis, S. pombe, are primarily haploid—do not undergo, after germination of the meiotic spore, haploid phase of cell divisions (or only a very short one), and as soon as a partner (i.e., haploid cell of opposite mating type) is found will fuse to form a diploid cell. Haploid cells secrete pheromones to signal mating, and respond by growing a mating projection toward a potential mate. Following contact of two partner cells and their fusion, diploids will continue asexual growth and will upon induction by nutrient-limiting environmental conditions—specifically starvation of nitrogen in the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source—complete the sexual cycle that results in the production of meiotic offspring.16
Candidate-gene association analysis for a continuous phenotype with a spike at zero using parent-offspring trios
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2020
Nadja Klein, Andrew Entwistle, Albert Rosenberger, Thomas Kneib, Heike Bickeböller
As mentioned already in the introduction, the mating type indicator i. In other words, 8]. This distinguishes AA, aA, and aa,
Multidrug-resistant Candida auris: an epidemiological review
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Shreya Singh
Global travel may be responsible for spread of the clades from original geographic site of its origin. All reported cases of C. auris from Australia have migrated from Africa [87,88]. Similarly, another study reported migration to Germany due to prior healthcare exposure in the Middle East, Afica, Asia or USA was seen in 6 out of 7 cases with C. auris infection [89]. In USA, among the four clades, clade I and clade IV are dominant [90]. Clade II is largely prevalent in South Korea and majority of those were isolated from ear infection [91]. Similarly, among the three cases of clade II reported in United States of America, two were from ear infections [78]. It is still unclear if the emergence of C. auris in one region has been followed by subsequent spread to others, or if it has independently emerged across different countries. Overall, genomic evidence demonstrates strong geographic structure of C. auris with independent emergence in South Asia, East Asia, Africa, South America and possibly Iran [2,84]. A comparative analysis of the genome has revealed the presence of mating gene in C. auris; Clade I and IV having MTLa, and Class II and III having MTLα [49]. Though mating between the clades has not been reported, there is a distinct possibility of mating in countries having multiple clades like Kenya where opposite mating types had been observed in single healthcare facility [86]. The recent phylogenetic study estimated the age of four clades by calculating time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA). The Clade II is the oldest (339 years) and Clade IV is the youngest (34 years); Clade I and III are in between at 140 and 175 years respectively [86].