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Molecular Organization of Entamoeba Histolytica
Published in Roberto R. Kretschmer, Amebiasis: Infection and Disease by Entamoeba histolytica, 2020
Isaura Meza, Haydee K. Torres-Guerrero, Marco A. Meraz
The protozoa, an extremely heterogeneous group of unicellular eukaryotes, harbor a whole range of different nuclear structures and genetic complexities, as well as particular cell division features. Thus, although the nucleus could be single, micro- and macronuclei could exist in parallel. This diversity has been used to study the evolution of proteins, DNA sequences, RNAs, and specialized elements necessary to achieve nuclear functions in the more organized and complex higher eukaryotes.75
Transcriptionally Regulatory Sequences of Phylogenetic Significance
Published in S. K. Dutta, DNA Systematics, 2019
Indirect immunofluorescence with the ciliate Stylonychia mytilus shows that only the macronucleus binds the anti-Z-DNA antibodies, whereas the micronucleus in its polytene stage does not.227 The macronucleus is degraded upon sexual reproduction and the micronucleus replicates extensively into polyteny, and then degrades to become a new macronucleus. It is interesting to note that antibody binding to Z-DNA was decreased in the macronucleus upon DNase I treatment. The region of Z-DNA in the chromatin is therefore not extensively associated with chromosomal proteins. Because the macronucleus is the site of DNA transcription in this ciliate, a role for Z-DNA in the transcription of structural genes can then be inferred.
Balantidium coli
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Alynne da Silva Barbosa, Laís Verdan Dib, Claudia M. Antunes Uchôa
The cysts of B. coli, which may be spherical or slightly ovoid, measure 40–65 μm in diameter and have a thick and hyaline cystic wall that is slightly yellowish or greenish in color.15,21 They have a large macronucleus and a tiny micronucleus that is only rarely observed. The cysts may also contain cytoplasmic inclusions, cellular debris, mucus, and food vacuoles.3 Cysts are the form in which parasite is transmitted within and resists the environment. They remain viable at room temperature for at least 2 weeks.4
The Effect of Resveratrol on Radioiodine Therapy-Associated Lacrimal Gland Damage
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Gökhan Koca, Evin Singar, Aylin Akbulut, Nuray Yazihan, Nihat Yumuşak, Ayten Demir, Meliha Korkmaz
Tissues were washed overnight in water flow to remove formalin. After routine pathological tissue monitoring, samples were passed through graded alcohol (50%, 75%, 96%, 100%) and xylol series and blocked in paraffin. Paraffin sections in 5-μm thickness were prepared by Leica RM 2125 RT and the first three sections and tenth sections were included in slides. Preparations were passed through alcohol and xylol series and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). All samples were examined under high-resolution light microscopy (Olympus DP-73 camera, Olympus BX53-DIC microscope; Tokyo, Japan) at x40 and x100 magnification. The inflammatory parameters including hyperemia, inflammation, fibrosis, and vacuolization, the nucleus characteristic changes such as micronucleus, macronucleus, and double nucleus, lipofuscin-like accumulation, and cellular morphologic patterns were considered.