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Chemokine Receptors as HIV-1 Coreceptors
Published in Thomas R. O’Brien, Chemokine Receptors and AIDS, 2019
Two seven-transmembrane receptors with extensive sequence homology to CCR5 and CXCR4, Bonzo/STRL33/TYMSTR (44–48) and BOB/GPR15 (45, 46, 49), have been shown to mediate entry of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), as well as some M-tropic HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains. However, recent data from Moore’s group showing that R5Bonzo and R5X4Bonzo human primary HIV-1 isolates cannot infect primary human T-cells through the use of Bonzo alone (41) questions the physiologic role of Bonzo in HIV pathogenesis. Doms and colleagues have provided evidence in support of the physiologic role of Bonzo/STRL33, although they acknowledge that this entry co-receptor is rarely used by primary HIV-1 (50). Other molecules identified through in vitro studies as HIV-1 entry coreceptors, GPR1 (46, 49), CCR8 (51, 52), US28 (53), V28/CX3CR1 (51), APJ (54, 55), ChemR23 (56), and CMKRLl/leukotriene B4 receptor (57), similarly lack strong in vivo evidence for a clear role in HIV pathogenesis. Recent evidence that genetic polymorphisms in the CX3CRJ gene are associated with HIV-1 disease progression is likely explained by interactions with the HIV-1 life cycle other than cell entry (58).
Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Catherina Caballero-George, Natural Products and Cardiovascular Health, 2018
Estela Guerrero De León, Mahabir Prashad Gupta, Juan Antonio Morán-Pinzón
It has been shown that RvE1 can act as an agonist of the ChemR23 receptor, also known as Chemokine-like receptor 1 (Kaur et al., 2010) (Figure 1.4). Rv-E1-mediated signaling on ChemR23 plays a role in mononuclear cellular migration to inflammed tissue as well as in resolving inflammation (Serhan et al., 2008b). Actions mediated by Rv-E1 through ChemR23 block signaling of NF-κB induced by TNF-α (Arita et al., 2005) and increase phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils (Ohira et al., 2010). In addition to ChemR23, it has been described that RvE1 interacts with leukotriene B4 receptor type 1 (BLT1), a receptor of LTB4, and serves as a local buffer of BLT1 signals in leukocytes (Arita et al., 2007).
What happens to basophils and tryptase, LXA4 and CysLTs during aspirin desensitization?
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Gülfem E. Çelik, Ömür Aydin, Deniz Güloğlu, Derya Seçil, Mehmet Melli, Figen Doğu, Aydan Ikinciogullari, Betül A. Sin, Yavuz Demirel, Zeynep Misirligil
Leukotriene B4 receptor (HBLTR-1) expression on total lymphocytes, CD3 + 45+, and CD15 + 45+ gates was analyzed using flow cytometry with whole-blood lysis (25,26). One hundred microliters of peripheral blood were put into 12 × 75-mm polystyrene tubes (Falcon Labware, Meylan Cedex, France) and incubated in the dark at room temperature for 15 min with appropriate monoclonal antibodies. Then, red blood cell lysis, leukocyte stabilization, and fixation were performed using Immunoprep A, B, and C solutions with a Coulter-Q-Prep Epics Immunology Workstation (Coulter Corb., 4235825-B, Hialeah, FL, USA) and analyzed using five-color staining flow cytometry (Cytomics FC500 Flow Cytometer, Beckman Coulter Inc. Miami, FL, USA) The monoclonal antibodies used in this study were CD45 PC5 (Beckman Coulter, Marseille, France), CD3 FITC (Beckman Coulter, Marseille, France), and CD15 FITC (Beckman Coulter, Marseille, France). Leukotriene B4 receptor (HBLTR-1) and PE (BD Pharmingen) were used as negative controls.
Gram negative infections in cystic fibrosis: a review of preventative and treatment options
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Charlotte Addy, Steven Caskey, Damian Downey
The intertwining of inflammation with infection makes therapeutic anti-inflammatory interventions challenging [106,107]. Increased infection rates, as seen in trials of corticosteroids and leukotriene B4 receptor antagonists remain a concern [106]. Trials of anti-inflammatories, aimed at multiple targets, have demonstrated variable therapeutic results [106]. Length of treatment may be important, with the prolonged and intense inflammatory response present in the CF lung unlikely to improve significantly after the short treatment durations present in most trials [107]. Two anti-inflammatories (Lenabasum (NCT02465450) and Acebilustat (NCT02443688)) have shown sufficient signal of safety and potential clinical improvement in phase 2 trials to proceed to larger phase 2/3 studies. Both are using a reduction in exacerbation frequency as evidence of efficacy, focusing on the complex interplay between inflammation and infection in driving PEx frequency (NCT03451045).
Resolvin D1 as a novel anti-inflammatory marker in manic, depressive and euthymic states of bipolar disorder
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Burcu Kok Kendirlioglu, Pelin Unalan Ozpercin, Ozge Yuksel Oksuz, Sule Sozen, Refik Cihnioglu, Tevfik Kalelioglu, Mehmet Cem Ilnem, Nesrin Karamustafalioglu
Recently, resolvin has reached an increasing interest in psychiatry. Some relatively new studies have demonstrated antidepressant properties of RvD1/2 and RvE1/2. Deyama et al. investigated antidepressant actions of RvE1/RvE2 in a murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression model using the tail suspension and forced swim tests. RvE1/RvE2 simultaneously act as agonistics through chemerin receptor ChemR23 and as antagonists through leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1. In the same study, intracerebroventricular infusions of RvE1, RvE2 and chemerin produced significant antidepressant effect. Bilateral intra-medial prefrontal cortex and intra-hippocampal dentate gyrus infusions of RvE1 also produced antidepressant activity [21].