China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Immune Testing in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss*
Published in Howard J.A. Carp, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, 2020
Jeffrey Braverman, Darren Ritsick, Nadera Mansouri-Attia
HLA-G is a nonclassical class I HLA molecule that is abundantly expressed on the surface of EVTs and binds to inhibitory receptors on leukocytes, including ILT2. Isoforms of HLA-G can also be secreted and provide a tolerogenic signal to APCs as well as function as an activating ligand for KIR2DL4 on uNK cells. Low levels of soluble HLA-G are associated with a decreased implantation rate, and increased risk for miscarriage and preeclampsia. Although HLA-G is significantly less polymorphic than classical HLA genes, a 14 base pair insertion in the 3′ untranslated region results in decreased levels of HLA-G protein, and homozygosity of this polymorphism is associated with increased risk for recurrent miscarriage and preeclampsia [24,27].
The uteroplacental contact zone cytokine influence on NK cell cytotoxicity to trophoblasts
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Dmitriy Bazhenov, Valentina Mikhailova, Igor Nikolaenkov, Kseniya Markova, Zeina Salloum, Igor Kogan, Aleksandr Gzgzyan, Sergey Selkov, Dmitriy Sokolov
Escaping activation and further elimination by NK cells was for a long time considered the main function of trophoblast cells. In particular, trophoblast secrete FasL soluble form binding with Fas receptor on NK cells surface and thus making Fas launch apoptosis. Trophoblasts also produce indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) which is able to act as an immune suppressor. Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) molecule cooperation with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 2DL4 and inhibitory receptor Ig-like transcript 2 (ILT2) was considered to be a defense performed by extravillous trophoblast. HLA-C is able to bind also with KIR2DS1 activating receptor. KIR2DL4 has both inhibiting and activating potential. Some scholars showed its ability to enhance interferon (IFN) γ production by NK cells bypassing their cytotoxic function.
Expression of HLA-G and KIR2DL4 receptor in chorionic villous in missed abortion
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Olesya Bespalova, Margarita Bakleicheva, Tatiana Ivashchenko, Tatiana Tral, Gulrukhsor Tolibova, Igor Kogan
KIR2DL4 is an unusual killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family member in terms of its structure, expression, cellular localization, and signaling properties. It signals from this intracellular site for a proinflammatory and proangiogenic response, using a novel endosomal signaling pathway that involves the serine/threonine kinases DNA-PKcsand Akt. The only known ligand of KIR2DL4 is HLA-G [14]. Unlike classical HLA molecules that serve as ligands for other KIR family members, in healthy individuals, HLA-G expression is restricted to the fetal trophoblast cells that invade the maternal deciduas during early pregnancy.
Association of KIR Genotypes and Haplotypes in HBeAg-positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Entecavir
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2019
YunLong Zhuang, XiXi Li, Xiaohua Li, HuiCong Xu, Hui Ye, Di Sun, XiangZhong Liu, GuiJie Ren
All the 18 KIR genes were detected in both groups, and the framework genes KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3 were present in all subjects. KIR genotypes and haplotypes were determined in this study according to the previous description (Hsu et al., 2002b).