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Order Tubulavirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The first specific inovirus-based targeting was achieved by Hart et al. (1994). The phage fd virions that displayed an RGD motif, namely the cyclic integrin-binding peptide sequence GGCRGDMFGC, in a proportion of their g8 subunits bound to cells and were efficiently internalized. In the displayed peptide the conformation of the RGD motif was restricted within a hairpin loop formed by a disulfide bridge between the two cysteine residues. The cellular internalization of phage was demonstrated by confocal and nonconfocal immunofluorescence microscopy of tissue-cultured cells incubated with phage particles, while the cell binding and internalization was inhibited by preincubation of cells with the integrin-binding peptide GRGDSP (Hart et al. 1994). Later, Rong et al. (2008) found that the RGD-grafted phage M13 guided cell alignment and oriented the cell outgrowth along defined directions. Specifically, Chung et al. (2010) used the phage M13 with p8 displaying the RGD motifs and forming long-range-ordered liquid-crystalline matrices to dictate the direction of neuronal cell growth and assure successful regeneration of the target tissue.
The development of inovirus-associated vector vaccines using phage-display technologies
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2019
Zachariah Stern, Dora C. Stylianou, Leondios G. Kostrikis
A great number of inovirus species across the world have been isolated and characterized [5]. Despite variation by species, they have the same general physical characteristics. The virions are flexible, thin cylindrical filaments [6,7] under 10 nm in diameter and approximately 1000 nm in length (see Figure 1(a) for details). Most of a single virion is composed of several thousand major capsid or coat protein subunits. These surround a circular single-stranded DNA molecule. At the proximal end of the virion there are a few minor proteins which attach to the cell to initiate infection. At the distal end, there other minor proteins which are used for nucleation and assembly on the host membrane. The structures and life cycles are conserved across different species of inoviruses, resulting in similar functional applications.