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Mother and Embryo Cross Communication during Conception
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Anna Idelevich, Andrea Peralta, Felipe Vilella
Homeobox protein A10, A11 (HOXA10, HOXA11) play a role in decidualization, and their deletion in mice results in implantation defects [122,123]. HOXA10-null mice produce normal numbers of embryos that are able to implant in wild-type surrogate mice, whereas wild-type embryos from the surrogate mice cannot implant in the HOXA10-null mice [122,124]. HOXA11−/− mice show similar phenotype related to implantation [125]. In the human endometrium, HOXA10 is expressed by both epithelial and stromal cells in a menstrual cycle-dependent manner and is regulated by progesterone [126]. Microarray analysis of murine endometrium transfected with HOXA10 cDNA identified 40 downstream target genes including clusterin (Clu), phosphoglycerate 3-dehydrogenase (3-Pgdh), and tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Tacstd2) [127].
Breach of the Endometrial Cavity during Myomectomy and Its Implications for Subsequent Fertility
Published in Rooma Sinha, Arnold P. Advincula, Kurian Joseph, FIBROID UTERUS Surgical Challenges in Minimal Access Surgery, 2020
Increased uterine contractility, disturbances in endometrial cytokine expression, abnormal vascularization, and chronic endometrial inflammation are mechanisms that harm embryo implantation [3]. Another mechanism that has undergone evaluation is the reduction of HOXA-10 levels in the endometrium [4].
Infertility attributed to endometriosis
Published in Seema Chopra, Endometriosis, 2020
Shalini Gainder, Neethi Mala Mekala
One of the examples of aberrant gene expression is the Hoxa 10/HOXA10 gene. It is a gene which is associated with embryogenesis of the uterus and in regeneration of the endometrium in every menstrual cycle, and its expression is necessary for endometrial receptivity in women. Its expression peaks during the period of implantation under the influence of progesterone and estrogen. Women with endometriosis do not show expected mid-luteal rise, which may partially describe their infertility [6,7].
Long non-coding RNA DNMBP-AS1 promotes prostate cancer development by regulating LCLAT1
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
Xiangang Yin, Suying Wang, Rong Ge, Jinping Chen, Youliang Gao, Shanshan Xu, Ting Yang
As one large class of nonprotein-coding ranscripts, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been verified to participate in various essential cellular processes via diverse molecular mechanism (Charles Richard and Eichhorn 2018). LncRNAs are defined as transcripts composed of more than 200 nucleotides, lacking the capacity of coding proteins (Guo et al. 2015). The important biological functions of lncRNAs have been extensively studied in diverse cancers (Bolha et al. 2017; Zhang and Tang 2018). For instance, Wang et al have identified that lncRNA HOXA-AS2 is a therapeutic target in human cancers (Wang et al. 2018). Zhu et al have clarified that CASC2 is of great significance in cancers (Zhu et al. 2018). Furthermore, lncRNAs have been elucidated to be aberrantly expressed in PCa and may be used as novel biomarkers in PCa (Liu et al. 2015; Mitobe et al. 2018). For example, Long et al have proposed that lncRNA LOXL1-AS1 promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in PCa and may be used as a biomarker for PCa treatment (Long et al. 2018). Wang et al have proved that lincRNA-p21 acts as a tumor suppressor in PCa (Wang et al. 2017). Bai et al have elucidated that lncRNA NEAT1 is associated with the prognosis of PCa patients (Bai and Huang 2020).
Zooming in on the endometrial factor of recurrent implantation failure
Published in Human Fertility, 2022
Chibuzor Ifenatuoha, Babatunde Okewale
The Müllerian ducts are paired structures formed during embryonic development that give rise to the uterus, Fallopian tubes, uterine cervix, and the anterior part of the vagina (Robboy et al., 2017). Typically, the formation of the Müllerian duct takes in three phases, which are: (i) organogenesis (when the ducts are formed); (ii) fusion (when the ducts fuse to form the uterus); and (iii) septal resorption (when the central septum is finally resorbed after the fusion of the ducts). Any anomaly that would result in the failure of completion of the organogenesis phase may result in uterine agenesis, hypoplasia, or a unicornuate uterus. Similarly, the failure in completion of the fusion and septal resorption phases will result in a bicornuate or didephys uterus and a septate or arcuate uterus respectively (Chandler et al., 2009). It was estimated that about 3.8 to 9.6% of the general population have abnormal uterine formation (Santamaria et al., 2018). Mutation in the homeobox genes (HOXA10 and HOXA11) are said to be responsible for Mullerian duct malformation. The homeobox gene family is commonly responsible for the regulation of the Müllerian duct formation. In addition, the HOXA10 and HOXA11 are said to also play a role in endometrial development and preparing the endometrium for implantation (Coughlan et al., 2014).
Homeobox A5 and A9 expression and beta-thalassemia
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021
EAE Badr, IE-T El-Sayed, MKR Alasadi
Data from zebrafish point to Homeobox (Hox) genes having an important role in normal haematopoiesis related to haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and early haematopoietic progenitors [6]. The Hox genes contain several clusters (A-D). Each cluster consists of paralog groups with nine to eleven members assigned on the basis of sequence similarity and relative position within the cluster [7]. The HOXA family encodes proteins that contain the DNA-binding homeobox motif and controls the early patterns of embryo segmentation. Although HOX expression is typically inhibited in adults, reactivation may occur with various homoeostatic cellular processes including haematopoiesis. Hox genes are required for the maintenance of progenitor or stem cell status, promoting their proliferation. HoxA9 is the most preferentially expressed Hox gene in human CD34+ HSCs and early haematopoietic progenitors [8]. HoxA5 has two effects on erythropoiesis: it causes a predominance of mature erythroid lineage cells and the partial apoptosis of erythroid progenitors. RNA-seq indicates that multiple biological processes including erythrocyte homoeostasis, cell metabolism, and apoptosis are modified by HoxA5 [9]. We hypothesized roles for HoxA9 and HoxA5 in β-thalassemia.