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Molecular diagnosis of endometrial receptivity
Published in Carlos Simón, Linda C. Giudice, The Endometrial Factor, 2017
Jose Miravet-Valenciano, Nuria Balaguer, Felipe Vilella, Carlos Simón
Products of key upregulated genes include glycodelin, which decreases maternal immune response to the implanting embryo (105); CXCL14, a chemokine that acts as a major recruitment stimulus for immune cells during the WOI (106), as well as chemotaxis of natural killer cells to cluster around epithelial glands (107); and IL-15, involved in uNK cell proliferation and differentiation (108) from peripheral blood CD16(–) NK cells (109). Proteins from other genes that are upregulated during the receptive phase help protect the endometrium or the embryo, as happens with metallothioneins and glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) (antioxidants), which guard against free radicals, heavy metals, and oxidative damage. GPX3, a major contributor to antioxidant activity in plasma, protects against oxidative stress at the time of implantation (110). Furthermore, GPX3 is positively associated with insulin sensitivity, allowing a higher level of glucose availability in the endometrium (111), and is deregulated, together with progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) (glycodelin precursor) and LIF in obese women suffering from infertility or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (112).
MiR-34a-5p Negatively Regulates Oxidative Stress on Lens Epithelial Cells by Silencing GPX3 – A Novel Target
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Song Wang, Mengsi Yu, Hong Yan, Jun Liu, Chenjun Guo
In this study, by combining iTRAQ reagent labeling followed by NanoLC − MS/MS analysis with miRNA target gene prediction (Figure 3(A)), we aimed to find out the target genes of miR-34a-5p precisely and efficiently. Using Protein Pilot 4.1, we identified 4836 proteins and quantified 3631 proteins in the two replicates (Supplemental File 1 and Figure S1). Compared with the NC group, 213 proteins were upregulated (the iTRAQ ratio 114:115 > 1.5) and 165 proteins were downregulated (the iTRAQ ratio 114:115 < 0.67) after H2O2 treatment (Figure 3(B)). The 165 downregulated proteins went through GO analysis and 28 of the 165 hit the “response to stress” category (Supplemental File 2). Meanwhile, target gene prediction of miR-34a-5p was conducted as before and 68 genes were clustered in the response to stress process (Supplemental File 3–4 and Figure S2). After combining the two results, GPX3 and SRC were selected as the targets (Figure 3(C)). The protein encoded by SRC is a tyrosine-protein kinase and SRC is considered as a proto-oncogene. This gene is closely related with tumorgenesis, whereas the protein encoded by GPX3 is glutathione peroxidase 3, which is a member of the glutathione peroxidase family and catalyze the reduction of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by glutathione, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Therefore, GPX3 was chosen for further research.
Differentially expressed plasma proteins of β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients in response to curcuminoids/vitamin E antioxidant cocktails
Published in Hematology, 2019
Jirawan Panachan, Daranee Chokchaichamnankit, Churat Weeraphan, Chantragan Srisomsap, Patarabutr Masaratana, Suneerat Hatairaktham, Narumol Panichkul, Jisnuson Svasti, Ruchaneekorn W. Kalpravidh
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) also detoxifies hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides in the circulation and oxidized LDL. Oxidative stress and hypoxia are strong inducers of GPx3 expression [39,40], therefore the plasma GPx3 levels were decreased after vitamin E cocktail treatment, as well as observed in thalassemic patients chelated with deferiprone [41], or with vitamin E alone [42]. Therefore, antioxidant cocktails may provide anti-atherosclerosis benefit to thalassemic patients through increasing the expressions of apoA-I, PON-1, and GPx3. However, several proteins were also reported with unknown relation to thalassemia. They were alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor (AMBP), CD5 antigen-like protein, haptoglobin-related protein, myosin-1, gelsolin, tropomyosin alpha-3 chain, and transthyretin.
First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
According to Morón and Cortázar, there are at least eight GPx enzymes in human, GPx1–GPx8. The GPx 1–8 genes are mapped to chromosomes 3, 14, 5, 19, 6, 6, 1 and 5 respectively.44 Among the glutathione peroxidases, GPx1 is the most abundant selenoperoxidase and is present virtually in all cells.45 GPx2 is found much more in the gastrointestinal tract primarily in the intestine.46,47 The kidney relative to other tissues is the primary location for GPx3, though; the enzyme is also present in extracellular fluids as a glycoprotein.48 Most forms of GPx are tetrameric in structure but GPx4 which is often regarded as phospholipid hydroperoxide is a monomer and differ in substrate specificity. This is because Gpx4 is the only GPx enzyme that breaks down phospholipid hydroperoxides. The enzyme also has a mitochondrial isoform that mediates the apoptotic response to oxidative stress49 and has a peroxidase independent structural role in sperm maturation.45,50 GPx5 from both humans and rodents and Rodent GPx6 differ from other glutathione peroxidases in that their activities are independent of Selenium.51 This invariably implies that these forms of GPx may not be able to effectively scavenge H2O2, a feature which is characteristic of the selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases.52