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Curative Properties of Chamomile in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
The human gastrointestinal (GI) system consists of exocrine supplementary gland, nose, esophagus, uterus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The main function of this system is food assimilation and waste product excretion. The enteric nervous system (ENS: a large intrinsic network of neurons in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) wall) and several hormones have extensive control mechanisms.38
The patient with acute gastrointestinal problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Rebecca Maindonald, Adrian Jugdoyal
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with 80% of cases involving the upper GI tract and 20% the lower GI tract. GI bleeding is a common medical emergency. There are many causes, with the most common arising from peptic ulcer disease.
Gastroenterology
Published in Kristen Davies, Shadaba Ahmed, Core Conditions for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2020
A gastrointestinal (GI) bleed is a bleed that can occur anywhere along the GI tract. It can be broadly defined as an upper GI bleed or a lower GI bleed. Upper GI bleeding occurs proximal to the ligament of Treitz, whereas lower GI bleeding occurs distally.
Severity scoring systems for radiation-induced GI injury – prioritization for use of GI-ARS medical countermeasures
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Doreswamy Kenchegowda, David L. Bolduc, Lalitha Kurada, William F. Blakely
Life-threatening ionizing radiation exposure involves multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) system (Friesecke et al. 2001; Kiang and Olabisi 2019). The digestive system is composed of the GI tract and GI accessory organs (Table 1, Figure 1). The GI tract is among the most radiosensitive organ systems in the body, with the duodenum the most radiosensitive region of the digestive tract. The intestinal epithelial cells provide a physical and biochemical barrier that segregate host tissue and bacteria to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Radiation can cause crypt cell killing, injury to intestinal epithelial cells, and other effects resulting in a wide range of clinical manifestations, as illustrated in Table 1 (Shadad et al. 2013). See reviews on GI-radiation toxicity (Somosy et al. 2002; Hauer-Jensen 2007) and GI acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) (Macià I Garau et al. 2011; MacVittie et al. 2012, 2019; MacVittie and Jackson 2020).
Protective effect of valerian extract capsule (VEC) on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa injury and ameliorative effect of VEC on gastrointestinal motility disorder
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yuan Feng, Wan Dai, Junyu Ke, Yong Cui, Shuang Li, Jingjing Ma, Wenfeng Guo, Gang Chen, Ning Li, Yanwu Li
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, and functional dyspepsia, are highly prevalent and generally considered to be a leading cause of the incidence of several other concomitant diseases. GI mucosal as a barrier plays a pivotal role in the protection of digestive organs and the damage of gastric mucosa is considered the early stage of gastric ulcer (Woolf and Rose 2021). Previous studies reported that gastric mucosa damage is attributable to multiple factors including chemical factors (smoking, drinking, and drugs), physical factors (improper diet), inflammation, intestinal bacterium, and phycological stress (Padol et al. 2012; Haj Kheder et al. 2018; Zhou and Zhang 2019; Woolf and Rose 2021). Among the various reasons contributing to gastric injury, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin can depress the expression of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and increase the free radical formation and excessive generation of inflammatory mediators, thus inducing gastric mucosal damage or gastric ulcer (Abd EI-Rady et al. 2021). In addition, alcohol is another common risk factor for GI disease. Excessive drinking may cause the appearance of bleeding or stomach ulcers by rupturing the gastric mucosa barrier and inducing inflammatory cell infiltration (Ostaff et al. 2015). Recently, the animal models of gastric injuries induced by indomethacin and ethanol have been widely used to investigate the underlying pathophysiological and evaluate the protective effects of herbal medicines against gastric ulcers and gastritis (Dejban et al. 2020).
Effect of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice: a systematic review
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Mohamed H. Emara, Mariam Zaghloul, Muhammad Abdel-Gawad, Nahed A. Makhlouf, Mohamed Abdelghani, Doaa Abdeltawab, Aya M. Mahros, Ahmed Bekhit, Nitin S. Behl, Sadek Mostafa, Alejandro Piscoya, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Mohamed Alboraie
Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is no more a complementary investigation in the management of GI disorders, it is rather an integral part of gut care and that is why endoscopy units are widely available among the health care facilities because the complete gut care without endoscopy is in vain. The services offered by GI endoscopy range from simple diagnostic, screening indications to therapeutic and sometimes lifesaving interventions. However, it was noticeable that the endoscopy practice as well as the scope of service was impaired by the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, endoscopic procedures are aerosol generating; necessitate direct contact with the patients for a reasonable period of time, in addition to shedding the virus in the stool which ultimately increase the risk of infection to the endoscopy staff. Because of the deficiency in health care workers, reallocation of the staff added another burden to the endoscopy practice besides the deficiency in the protective equipments necessary to comply with infection control policies [1].