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Enterococcus: An Important Opportunistic Pathogen—Basic and Clinical Aspects
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Karen Flores-Moreno, Claudia Mayoral-Teran, Yolanda Lopez-Vidal
The necessary tests to identify the pathogenic agent and susceptibility to antimicrobials must be done right when the patient shows compatible signs or symptoms with any type of bacterial infection. Similarly, adequate isolation and growth of the bacterium are very important. Enterococci can grow in media like trypticase soy broth, ram blood agar, and brain heart infusion broth. There are some biochemical tests that allow identification of the Enterococcaceae family60: Catalase (–)Bile-esculin (+)Production of pyrrolidonylarylamidase, PYR (+)Growth in broth containing 6.5% NaCl
Adverse effects of antibiotics in children with cancer: are short-course antibiotics for febrile neutropenia part of the solution?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Coen Butters, Karin Thursky, Diane T Hanna, Theresa Cole, Andrew Davidson, Jim Buttery, Gabrielle Haeusler
In children with cancer, both chemotherapy and antibiotics are associated with perturbation of the GM; however, the impact on treatment course, survival, and long-term clinical outcomes is less clear. In a case-control study comparing stool microbiome in patients with ALL and healthy siblings at varying time points over one year, microbial diversity was significantly lower at diagnosis in those with ALL and further decreased with antibiotic exposure [48]. In a longitudinal study of 199 children with newly diagnosed ALL, GM diversity decreased significantly in the intensive phases of chemotherapy (induction and re-induction) but was not clearly associated with antibiotic exposure. Microbial diversity recovered post-consolidation therapy and antibiotic exposure; however, microbial composition was abnormal. Relative abundance of Proteobacteria prior to chemotherapy and emergence of Enterococcaceae as a dominant organism during chemotherapy independently predicted the risk of FN [49]. This is concordant with several other studies showing that dysbiosis, marked by organism predominance or reduction in microbial diversity, is associated with increased risk of infectious complications [50,51], and gut dysbiosis leading into HSCT may predict the risk of bloodstream infection [96–99]. In the largest of these studies, during HSCT there were significant shifts in the GM, where dominance of Enterococcus spp. increased the risk of enterococcal bacteremia while dominance of Proteobacteria (anaerobic Gram-negatives including Enterobacteriaceae) increased the risk of Gram-negative bacteremia [96].
Enteral broad-spectrum antibiotics antagonize the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation in preterm pigs
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Anders Brunse, Simone Margaard Offersen, Josefine Juliane Mosegaard, Ling Deng, Peter Damborg, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Per Torp Sangild, Thomas Thymann, Duc Ninh Nguyen
Conversely, on day 9, five days after AB cessation, we found similar total CFUs of coliforms and enterococci across all four groups. Since Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae together constituted more than 50% of colonic bacterial abundance (Figure 2c), the absolute colonic bacterial load appeared similar among groups at this stage. Importantly, increased CFUs of cefotaxime-resistant coliforms after AB treatment decreased to control levels after FMT treatment (AB-CON vs. AB-FMT, p < .05, Figure 3, lower left panel). AB treatment also selected for tetracycline- and neomycin-resistant coliforms, but FMT had no modulating effect on these. Moreover, AB treatment led to increased CFUs of ampicillin- and gentamicin-resistant enterococci with no effect of subsequent FMT treatment (Figure 3, lower right panel). Expressing the day 9 data as relative AB resistance yielded similar results (data not shown).
The gut microbiota during the progression of atherosclerosis in the perimenopausal period shows specific compositional changes and significant correlations with circulating lipid metabolites
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Qinghai Meng, Menghua Ma, Weiwei Zhang, Yunhui Bi, Peng Cheng, Xichao Yu, Yu Fu, Ying Chao, Tingting Ji, Jun Li, Qi Chen, Qichun Zhang, Yu Li, Jinjun Shan, Huimin Bian
At the family level, most kinds of CE were significantly positively correlated with Streptococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Aerococaceae, Nocardiaceae, Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Dermacoccaceae, Carnobacteriaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae, whereas negatively correlated with Bifidobacteriaceae. Some TG were positively correlated with Enterobacteriaceae and negatively correlated with Enterococcaceae, but the remaining showed negative correlation. Almost all kinds of phospholipids were significantly positively correlated with Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Aerococaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Bacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Dermacoccaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae and Mycobacteriaceae, and negatively correlated with Erysipelotrichaceae. The other types of lipids (including free fatty acids, acylcarnitine, sphingomyelins and ceramides) showed significant positive correlations with Rhizobiaceae, Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Aerococaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Dermacoccaceae (Figure 12).