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Subfamily Bombacoideae
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mariam I. Gamal El-Din, Fadia S. Youssef, Mohamed L. Ashour, Omayma A. Eldahshan, Abdel Nasser B. Singab
The oil content of several members of Bombacoideae were evaluated for their fatty acid composition, including Adansonia digitata, A. fony, A. za, A. madagascariensis, A. suarezensis, A. grandidiera, Bombax costatum, Chorisia speciosa, Lagunaria patersonii, Pachira glabra, P. aquatica, and Ochroma lagopus. Among normal fatty acids, palmitic acid (147), stearic acid (152), oleic acid (154), linoleic acid (155), linolenic acid (156), and sterculic acid (164) were observed in most species. Caproic (143), caprylic (144), arachidic (157), lignoceric (160), and vernolic (161) acids were found in B. costatum seed oil. Investigation of different Adansonia species demonstrated the existence of myristic (tetradecanoic acid) (145), pentadecanoic acid (146), palmitoleic acid (148), heptadecanoic acid (149), heptadecenoic acid (150), heptadecadienoic acid (151), octadec-7-enoic acid (153), arachidic acid (157), eicosenoic acid (158), and behenic acid (159) (Table 15.15).
Aquatic Plants Native to Africa
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Karina M. Szuman, Mala V. Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya, Joyce Govinden-Soulange, Namrita Lall
Linoleic acid, dihydroxy α-tocopherol-9-O-pyranoside, 7,8-dihydroxy-α-tocopherol-9-O-pyranoside (NNH-4), 10-eicosenoic acid, quercetin-3-O-alpha-rhaminoside, vasicinone, and kaempferol have been reported in the hexane extract of the flowers of N. nouchali (Figure 2.12a and b) (Kamurthy et al. 2015).
A dietary carbohydrate – gut Parasutterella – human fatty acid biosynthesis metabolic axis in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Lea Henneke, Kristina Schlicht, Nadia A. Andreani, Tim Hollstein, Tobias Demetrowitsch, Carina Knappe, Katharina Hartmann, Julia Jensen-Kroll, Nathalie Rohmann, Daniela Pohlschneider, Corinna Geisler, Dominik M. Schulte, Ute Settgast, Kathrin Türk, Johannes Zimmermann, Christoph Kaleta, John F. Baines, Jane Shearer, Shrushti Shah, Grace Shen-Tu, Karin Schwarz, Andre Franke, Stefan Schreiber, Matthias Laudes
Dietary data were derived from 12-month food frequency questionnaires (n = 1,443). Analysis of 19 dietary components revealed that the intake of total carbohydrates showed a nominal significant positive correlation with Parasutterella sp. abundance (4.51e−2, P = 4.24e−3) (Table 2) falling in line with the data on diabetes phenotypes. The composition of total carbohydrate intake consisted of 22.09% monosaccharides, 31.56% disaccharides, 44.22% polysaccharides, and minor parts of sugar alcohol and oligosaccharides. Appropriately, monosaccharides showed a nominal significant positive association with Parasutterella sp. abundance (1.115e−2P = 1.19e−3). In contrast, the total fat intake of the subjects was nominally significantly negatively associated with Parasutterella sp. abundance (−5.13e−2, P = 5.97e−3). In more detail, we found the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linolenic acid (ω3-fatty acid) nominally significantly negatively associated with Parasutterella sp. abundance (−3.3e−1, P = 4.99e−2). Furthermore, eicosenoic acid was nominally significantly negatively associated with Parasutterella sp. (−3.25, P = 3.04e−3). The mean percentage of the intake of total fiber was 22.3%. Dietary data were additionally adjusted for BMI.
The association between serum fatty acids and pregnancy in PCOS women undergoing ovulation induction
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Mingyue Li, Ye Tian, Yonghuan Lv, Yanping Xu, Xiaohong Bai, Huijuan Zhang, Yanxia Wang, Xueru Song
Bhardwaj et al. showed that serum TFAs, including PCOS, were related to ovulatory infertility in women [14]. In our study, the levels of TFAs were not statistically different between the pregnancy group and the nonpregnancy group, but there was a decreasing trend in the pregnancy group. Meanwhile, trans-10-heptadecenoic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, trans-11-eicosenoic acid, and brassidic acid were negatively associated with pregnancy. Our results illustrated that serum TFAs not only affect ovulation but also adversely affect pregnancy. TFAs are known to cause changes in membrane enzyme functions and in certain cellular reactions because they block the oxidation of cis fatty acids and alter membrane fluidity as a component of membrane phospholipids [15]. They were thought to have an adverse effect on ovum quality as a result of changing membrane lipid composition [15]. TFAs might influence clinical pregnancy by affecting the quality of the ovum. A retrospective study comparing dietary data on TFAs among 104 women with insulin resistance showed a significant relationship between TFAs and fetal loss (OR = 0.84, p = .017) [16]. Keenwan et al. included 1228 women attempting pregnancy with one-to-two previous pregnancy losses, and the results suggested that TFAs were not associated with pregnancy outcomes [7]. Perhaps the number of pregnancy loss patients was small, but our study found no statistical difference in serum TFAs between the live birth group and the pregnancy loss group.
A review on neuropharmacological role of erucic acid: an omega-9 fatty acid from edible oils
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
J. B. Senthil Kumar, Bhawna Sharma
Free EA is transported in the blood mainly bound to subdomain IIIA (Sudlow site II) of human serum albumin [88]. The albumin bound EA is then transported into tissue cells via the circulatory system, whereas, EA present in ULDL and VLDL is broken down to free form with the aid of lipoprotein lipase in the endothelial cells and then passed on into cells (Figure 4). Upon reaching the CNS it passes blood brain barrier by passive diffusion where the fatty acids are liberated from their albumin carriers and bind to the luminal membrane of the endothelial cell [89]. After binding, it enters the cytosol in a non-ATP dependent manner [90]. In the CNS, EA can also get incorporated into triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids. It has been shown that EA upon intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration in rats, revealed chain shortening into C18:1ω9 (oleic acid) and C20:1ω9 (eicosenoic acid). Experiments with rats also confirmed the chain elongation of EA to ω9 nervonic acid/24:1 in the brain [91,92] (Figure 5). Presence of nervonic and oleic acids in plasma phospholipids after EA enriched diet clearly demonstrated the elongation and shortening, respectively (Figure 5).