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L-Arginine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Adjuvant Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
It was found in this pilot study that L-arginine significantly lowered the SBP in HD patients from 171.5 ± 7.5 mm Hg (baseline) to 142.8 ± 8.3 mm Hg. In the crossover study, SBP was significantly reduced from baseline (155.9 ± 5.0 mm Hg), after the first two months (143.2 ± 3.2 mm Hg), and subsequent two months (143.3 ± 2.5 mm Hg) of supplementation. DBP was also reduced after supplementation in both studies. CanO had no effect on blood pressure. Renal function did not change.
A patient with high blood pressure
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
The increased resistance of the arterial tree results in an increase in the workload of the left ventricle, resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy (seeFigure 29.1). DBP often remains normal or even decreases with age, resulting in widened pulse pressure. Decreased DBP can result in reduced coronary blood flow, and therefore increase the risk of developing myocardial ischaemia.
High altitude residents
Published in Andrew M. Luks, Philip N. Ainslie, Justin S. Lawley, Robert C. Roach, Tatum S. Simonson, Ward, Milledge and West's High Altitude Medicine and Physiology, 2021
Andrew M. Luks, Philip N. Ainslie, Justin S. Lawley, Robert C. Roach, Tatum S. Simonson
Without direct, well-controlled comparisons between high altitude populations, it is difficult to sort out why variations exist in the prevalence of hypertension across groups, but several factors warrant consideration. One potential explanation for the differences in the prevalence of hypertension between high altitude populations may be differences in diet. A key difference between Tibetans and Andeans, for example, is the consumption of Tibetan tea, which is made with salt and yak butter and, as a result, is associated with a high sodium intake. Older reports, for example, have noted that some Tibetans and Sherpa drank 20–30 cups of this tea per day (Sehgal et al. 1968) and consume 4–7 g of sodium on a daily basis (Goldstein and Beall 1990; Smith 1999), far higher than the recommended intake in published guidelines (Government of Canada). Sherpa with SBP ≥140 mmHg consumed a greater amount of Tibetan tea compared to those with SBP <140 mmHg. In a patient-blinded randomized controlled trial, a low-sodium, high-potassium, salt-substitute intervention was effective in lowering SBP and DBP by 8.2 mmHg and 3.4 mmHg, respectively, in Tibetans living at 4300 m (Zhao et al. 2014).
A decision tree model of hypertension among college students in Yunnan Province, China
Published in Blood Pressure, 2023
Xu Honglv, Wang Wei, Wang Min, Chen Junyu, Yu Chunjie, Li Min, Liu Dehui, Wang Jiai, Jiang Yinghong
Blood pressure was measured by an upper arm medical electronic sphygmomanometer (OMRON, J760, Kyoto, Japan). After 15 min of completing rest, the participants were seated and their blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer at the same level as the heart and right arm cuff. The unit of measurement for blood pressure is mmHg. Participants diagnosed with hypertension had their blood pressure measured twice. Blood pressure includes SBP and DBP. Hypertension diagnostic criteria were recommended by the Chinese Guidelines for Hypertension Prevention and Treatment (2018 Revision) [35]: SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg was normal blood pressure, 120 mmHg ≤ SBP < 140 mmHg and/or 80 mmHg ≤ DBP < 90 mmHg was prehypertension, SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg was hypertension. Blood pressure was measured by a specialist nurse.
Ultrastructural changes in resistance arterioles of normotensive and hypertensive premenopausal women with uterine fibroids
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
LM Brewster, ID Perrotta, Z Jagernath, Z Taherzadeh, GA van Montfrans
Small arteries were collected from a fat sample from the greater omentum, obtained in women undergoing laparotomy for enucleation of intramural or subserosal uterine fibroids. Exclusion criteria were vasculitis, diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, infectious hepatitis, malignancy, and bleeding disorders. We collected data on age, self-defined ancestry, medical history, drug use, height, and body mass. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using an oscillometric device, around 3 weeks before the procedure at the anesthesiology outpatient clinic in the sitting position with the cuff at heart level; and in the supine position on the day of the surgical procedure under preoperative oral sedative drugs, 1–3 hours before the omental biopsy. Hypertension status was determined based on outpatient blood pressure, and treatment status was reassessed on the day of hospital admission. Blood pressure <140 mm Hg systolic (SBP) and <90 mm Hg diastolic (DBP) was defined as normotension, or when patients used antihypertensive drugs, as controlled hypertension. Blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg SBP or ≥90 DBP was defined as hypertension. Mean arterial pressure was calculated as DBP+1/3(SBP-DBP), and body mass index (BMI) as body mass in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared.
Facilitating a high-quality dietary pattern induces shared microbial responses linking diet quality, blood pressure, and microbial sterol metabolism in caregiver-child dyads
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Emily B. Hill, Li Chen, Michael T. Bailey, Amrik Singh Khalsa, Ross Maltz, Kelly Kelleher, Colleen K. Spees, Jiangjiang Zhu, Brett R. Loman
Caregiver and child clinical and anthropometric data were measured by trained study personnel at data collection visits and recorded using REDCap data collection tools. Participants were asked to hydrate before visits and to wear light clothing free of metal and remove shoes prior to assessment of height and weight. Height was measured to the nearest 1 mm using standard protocols via a stadiometer with a movable headboard (Seca 213, Seca North America, Chino, CA, USA). Weight and body fat percentage were measured using a digital body composition monitor equipped with bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) technology and appropriate for body fat analysis for adults and children aged 5 to 17 years (Tanita SC-331S Total Body Composition Analyzer, Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Weight was recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were obtained by standard clinical methods on the right side of the body using an automated blood pressure cuff (Omron Autocuff, Omron Healthcare Co. Ltd., Lake Forest, IL, USA). All participants were asked to rest in a seated position for 5 min prior to blood pressure assessment.