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Industry dynamics and clustering in Ayurvedic pharmaceutical production in South India
Published in Stephan Kloos, Calum Blaikie, Asian Medical Industries, 2022
Harilal Madhavan, Sajitha Soman
A total of 20 acres of land was identified in different regions across the state, including Wayanad, Thrissur, Idukki, and Trivandrum districts, which had one acre of land each allocated for cultivation. Interested and capable farmers were mobilised and trained in the techniques and technology of medicinal plant cultivation required for growing high-quality materials. In order to provide the necessary incentives for reliable medicinal plant cultivation and thus to ensure sufficient material availability, CARe Keralam offered a buy-back guarantee to the cultivators. In turn, cultivation was expected to reduce pressure on wild resources while ensuring that only high-quality raw materials were used in the production of Ayurvedic medicines.
Fungi and Water
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Due to the scarcity of this resource and immaturity of artificial cultivation, it has not been possible to fully meet the needs of medical use (88). So, be careful when purchasing these expensive mushrooms, especially Cordyceps sinensis, because there are numerous counterfeit or modified products in the market and their pharmacological properties and medicinal uses are still not officially approved by healthcare organisms. More research is required to discover the full extent of the activity of Cordyceps, mostly in clinical study, and to determine the exact quantity of active compounds as well as the potential presence of toxic substances (arsenic, mycotoxins, etc.) found in each Cordyceps variety in the market.
The Disappearance and Substitution of Native Medicinal Species
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
The cultivation of medicinal plants needed to satisfy the world market seems to be a difficult problem to solve due to various factors, such as: The lack of knowledge about the growth and reproduction requirements of most medicinal plant species.Little experience and research is dedicated to domestication; in general crops are expensive and relatively few species have large and reliable markets necessary to maintain these budgets.In many communities where collecting medicinal and aromatic plants is an important source of income, the availability of land for the cultivation of non-food products is limited (Group of Medicinal Plants Specialists 2006).
Home cannabis cultivation in the United States and differences by state-level policy, 2019-2020
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2022
Elle Wadsworth, Gillian L. Schauer, David Hammond
Research on home cultivation in U.S. states across individual- and state-level characteristics is nascent and is important to understand both potential public health benefits (e.g., reduction in illegal market) and potential risks (e.g., underage access, contaminated products). This study seeks to examine whether home cultivation rates vary based on cannabis laws, and how home cultivation varies across individual states that allow adult-use home cultivation. We hypothesize that home cultivation rates will be higher in states that allow adult-use home cultivation due to the removal of penalties for growing cannabis and to perceived increases in affordability. However, home cultivation rates may also be attenuated by greater access to legal cannabis from alternate sources; therefore, reducing the need to self-supply.
Novel strategies to diagnose prosthetic or native bone and joint infections
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Alex Van Belkum, Marie-Francoise Gros, Tristan Ferry, Sebastien Lustig, Frédéric Laurent, Geraldine Durand, Corinne Jay, Olivier Rochas, Christine C. Ginocchio
Spondylodiscitis results from infection of intervertebral discs. The infection can spread to nearby bone tissue and represents 5% of all osteomyelitis forms [21]. Spondylodiscitis occurs via hematogenous spread or post-surgically. Symptoms include general malaise, weight loss, fever, back pain, spinal cord, or nerve compression. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and other disorders inducing a loss of weight, steroid therapy, rheumatic diseases, and spinal surgery. Worldwide, the most frequent microorganism responsible for spondylodiscitis is M. tuberculosis [22]. Half of the non-TB cases are due to S. aureus, with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci, gram-negative bacteria (less than 30%) and streptococci ranking lower in frequency. Brucella spp. represents the predominant cause of spondylodiscitis in some Mediterranean countries and the Middle East [23]. Treatment consists of wearing corsets and undergoing long courses of antibiotic therapy. Diagnostic specimens included drainage fluids from abscesses, bone tissue, and positive blood culture samples. Different etiological agents require different cultivation strategies with different sensitivities and specificities. Serological testing aiming at the detection of antibodies to the best known pathogens is another distinct though usually less specific and sensitive diagnostic option [24].
Limbal Epithelial and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Corneal Regeneration
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
Sachin Shukla, Swapna S Shanbhag, Fatemeh Tavakkoli, Shobhit Varma, Vivek Singh, Sayan Basu
In 1997, Pellegrini and associates described autologous CLET, a technique in which a transplantable epithelial sheet is cultivated ex vivo on a fibrin scaffold in the laboratory by using less than one clock-hour of limbal tissue.34 Following this, several groups have published their outcomes of this technique, however the cultivation protocols are quite variable across groups as summarized in Table 3.35–48 Broadly there are two techniques of limbal cultivation: a) the suspension culture, where the biopsied limbal tissue is first digested enzymatically to separate the cells from the extracellular matrix and then the cell suspension is placed in culture over a suitable substrate; and b) explant culture where the limbal tissue fragment is sectioned into smaller pieces and placed directly on the substrate without enzymatic digestion. Additionally, the constituents of the culture medium may or may not contain animal-derived products or xenobiotic materials. Xenogeneic constituents of a limbal culture system can be in the form of murine feeder cells, bovine serum, or animal-derived growth factors.49 This is one of the major limitations of CLET because use of xenogeneic material carries some risk of disease transmission due to both known and unknown pathogens.49 The use of xenogeneic materials makes regulatory approvals difficult and when considered along with the costs of establishing and maintaining a clinical grade laboratory, together these factors make CLET quite an expensive procedure.50