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Monocyte and lymphocyte membrane markers: Ontogeny and clinical significance
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
Scott Sugden, Damien Montamat-Sicotte, Karen K. Yam, Joseph Murphy, Bader Yassine Diab, Virginia Litwin
Some studies have shown that antigen-specific memory B cells can persist for decades without the presence of cognate antigen. Human memory B cells are characterized by CD27 expression and typically display a phenotype of CD20+, CD38−, CD27+, CD80+, CD84+, and CD86+. Since these cells have high affinity for antigen and elevated expression of co-stimulatory molecules, once reactivated by antigen encounter and T cell help, they exhibit a greater capacity to rapidly proliferate and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells compared to naïve B cells. The hyper-response of memory B cells following reexposure to antigen results in the generation of high titers of high-affinity antibodies and promotes clearance of the antigen.
Vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis in a newly established congenic mouse strain derived from ANCA-associated vasculitis-prone SCG/Kj mice
Published in Autoimmunity, 2019
Yoshitomo Hamano, Fuyu Ito, Osamu Suzuki, Minako Koura, Shuji Matsuoka, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Yoshinobu Sugitani, Nadila Wali, Ai Koyanagi, Okio Hino, Shoichi Suzuki, Ryuichi Sugamata, Hiromichi Yoshizawa, Wako Yumura, Naoki Maruyama, Yosuke Kameoka, Yoshihiro Noda, Yasuko Hasegawa, Tomio Arai, Kazuo Suzuki
The Fcgr family includes Fcgr2b and Fcgr3, encoding FcgRIIB and FcgRIII, respectively. FcgRIIb is an inhibitory regulator of B-cell functions. Fcgr2b polymorphisms are associated with lupus susceptibility in both human and murine SLE [44]. Fcgr2b knockout mice develop LN [45]. In human patients, FCGR3B copy number variation is significantly associated with susceptibility to systemic autoimmunity, including SLE and AAV [46]. The signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family is comprised of nine receptor genes, including CD150, Ly108, CD84, and Ly9 [47]. Two stable haplotypes are found among laboratory inbred mice, and haplotype 2 is found in autoimmune-prone mice. This haplotype is related to a breach in immune tolerance and the production of autoantibodies [42]. Pre-B cell leukaemia homeobox 1 (Pbx1) is a gene located in the Sle1a locus. Cuda et al. reported that in SLE-prone B6.Sle1a.1 mice, a novel splice isoform of Pbx1, Pbx1-d, is expressed [43]. Moreover, Pbx1-d overexpression is sufficient to induce inflammatory phenotypes in a T cell line, and to modulate their apoptosis [43]. Collectively, genes in the Fcgr family, Slam family, and Pbx1 gene are good candidates for Scg-1.
The temporal pattern of immune and inflammatory proteins prior to a recurrent coronary event in post-acute coronary syndrome patients
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Maxime M. Vroegindewey, Rohit M. Oemrawsingh, Isabella Kardys, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Pim van der Harst, Anton J. Oude Ophuis, G. Etienne Cramer, Arthur Maas, S. Hong Kie The, Alexander J. Wardeh, Henk Mouthaan, Eric Boersma, K. Martijn Akkerhuis
CD84 is a signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and is expressed on platelets. It has been described that during thrombus formation, CD84 is triggered upon platelet aggregation and advances thrombus stability (Nanda et al.2005). Since disproportional thrombus formation may cause arterial occlusion, CD84 may be of interest as a biomarker for coronary events. However, little research has been conducted on CD84 and its association with CVD. One previous study has identified CD84 to be associated with adverse outcome in Kawasaki disease coronary arteriopathy (Reindel et al.2014). In this study, CD84 was found to be highly expressed in inflamed endothelium tissue of the coronary arteries of patients who developed adverse outcome and was suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis (Reindel et al.2014). Our study found higher CD84 serum levels in post-ACS patients who developed early recurrent events. Potentially, CD84 upregulation is initiated by the index ACS and, subsequently, promotes disproportional thrombus formation causing early recurrent ACS. Further research should establish whether CD84 serum levels may be used to identify patients who will develop an early recurrent coronary event and who will not.
IRF1 expression might be a biomarker of CD8+ T cell infiltration in cutaneous melanoma
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Shijie Zhou, Chunli Lu, Gan Liu, Qinsheng Hu, Jinliang Yang
Our correlation analysis showed that approximately 45% (16/36) of IRF1-correlated genes were specific to the tumor group. Among them, CD84 is a regulator of the immunosuppressive microenvironment [25]. The expression of HLA-G enables melanoma cells to escape from the immunosurveillance of the host [26]. STAT1 overexpression is associated with induced PD-L1 surface expression, promoting tumor immune escape in melanoma [27]. Another previous study confirmed that IRF1 upregulation in melanoma tumor cells enhances PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo [10]. When IRF1 is inhibited, melanoma cells are more susceptible to T cell-mediated killing [10,11].