China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Medicinal Plants: Future Thrust Areas and Research Directions
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Different types of markers like restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), simple sequence repeats (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers are used for validation purpose in MAPs. DNA barcodes using second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region are used for discriminating medicinal plant species (Pang and Chen, 2014). RAPD analysis was used for evaluation of genetic relationships in several medicinal plant species. ISSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity in many of the medicinal plants. Molecular markers can be employed to characterize any phenotypic trait, biochemical, and/or physiological mechanisms. The direct measurement of such traits can be simultaneously mapped. The number of loci controlling genetic variation of any important agronomic trait(s) in segregating population can be estimated, and the map positions of these loci in the genome be determined by means of molecular linkage genetic maps and QTL mapping technology.
Review of Antimicrobial and Other Health Effects in 5 Essential Oil Producing Grass Species
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Several warm season grass species including lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Staph), palmarosa grass [C. martinii (Roxb.) Will. Watson], geranium grass [C. schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.], vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and scented top grass [Capillipedium parviflorum (R.Br.) Stapf.] are in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit (PGRCU) germplasm collection in Griffin, GA. This genetic resource collection consists of 24 essential oil producing grass accessions including one lemongrass, two palmarosa grass, three geranium grass, 11 vetiver grass, and seven scented top grass accessions (National Plant Germplasm System 2021). The lemongrass accession originates from the U.S. Virgin Islands while the palmarosa and geranium grass accessions originate from India and Pakistan. The vetiver grass accessions originate from India and the scented top grass accessions originate from Australia, China, India, Indonesia, and Zimbabwe. The objectives for this paper are to discuss important information from literature reviews about the medicinal potential and to provide some specific agronomic trait information for these essential oil producing species.
Early flowering, good grain quality mutants through gamma rays and EMS for enhancing per day productivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Vinithashri Gautam, Manonmani Swaminathan, Manoharan Akilan, Anand Gurusamy, Meena Suresh, Bhuvaneswari Kaithamalai, A. John Joel
Both genotypic differences and modes of action of different mutagens contribute to variation in the spectrum of mutants generated. Kharkwal (2000) quoted the differences in frequency and spectrum of viable mutations induced by various mutagens due to genetic differences in varieties. Putting forth in a theoretical way, any gene responsible for an agronomic trait is mutable, hence a wide spectrum of viable mutations can be generated in a mutation experiment. The occurrence of these macro-mutations can be attributed to chromosomal aberrations. Mutations in recessive genes occur when there are deficiency, duplications, or point mutations due to mutagens. Chlorophyll mutants and morphological mutants show up in M2 generation while they are not observed in M1 generation and this explains the recessive nature of those mutations. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency represent the features of mutagens and sheds light on their utility in crop improvement. Mutagenic effectiveness gives the measure of the frequency of mutations induced by a unit dose of mutagen and efficiency gives the info on biological damage (Konzak, 1965; Nilan, 1965). The results of gamma rays and combination treatments in M2 and M3 generation revealed that the combination treatments were found more effective and efficient in causing variability than gamma rays alone.
Characterization of 60CO γ-ray induced pod trait of blackgram-A promising yield mutants
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
K. Yasmin, D. Arulbalachandran, E. Dilipan, S. Vanmathi
In the present investigation, the characterization of pod mutant plays an essential role in better understanding of the mutagenic effect in blackgram developed by gamma irradiation. The identification of such valuable mutants takes a significant place for the crop improvement and agronomic trait selection process. Multipod and bold pod mutants are the promising yield mutant that shows increasing fruit clusters and pods in multipod mutant and enhanced the seed size in bold pod mutants, and these two characters warrant the physical mutagen in plant breeding techniques. Hence, the characterization of phenotypic and agronomically important traits are useful for the selection and domestication of mutants.