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The Role of the Macrophage in Immunity
Published in Richard C. Niemtzow, Transmembrane Potentials and Characteristics of Immune and Tumor Cell, 2020
The effect of MIF on macrophages can be blocked by prior incubation of the factor with L-fucose,45 and macrophages are rendered unresponsive to MIF by treating them with either protease or L-fucosidase.45, 46 This evidence suggests that the receptor for MIF is a glycoprotein having L-fucose as an essential part of its structure.
Lysosomal, sterol and lipid disorders
Published in Steve Hannigan, Inherited Metabolic Diseases: A Guide to 100 Conditions, 2018
Fucosidosis is a rare inherited disorder that belongs to a group of conditions known as lysosomal storage disorders. It is caused by an absence or a deiciency of the enzyme alpha-L-fucosidase, which results in impaired fucosidase activity. Partially degraded chemicals that contain fucose remain in the body, accumulate and cause progressive damage to the cells. The defective gene (FUCA2) is located on the short arm of chromosome 1. Researchers believe that there are two types of this disorder, determined mainly by the severity of the symptoms.
Urinary sulphated glycosaminoglycans excretion in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Agnieszka Jura-Półtorak, Paweł Olczyk, Aleksandra Chałas-Lipka, Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev, Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha, Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka, Diana Ivanova, Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva, Katarzyna Krysik, Alicja Telega, Krystyna Olczyk
Another mechanism related to increase in urine levels of GAGs in patients with T2DM may be caused by changes in expression or activity of proteolytic enzymes, including, among others, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participating in postsynthetic modifications of PGs/GAGs, or lysosomal enzymes (Komosińska-Vassev et al.2005). This suggestion is confirmed by the studies of Jan et al. (2017), where increased blood levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in T2DM patients were demonstrated which contributed to development of vascular complications. Meanwhile, Komosińska-Vassev et al. (2005) found increased activity of lysosomal enzymes, including N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, α-L-fucosidase and β-D-galactosidase, in blood, accompanied by increased blood levels of total GAGs, in T2DM patients, both with and without vascular complication (Komosińska-Vassev et al.2005). The increase in urine excretion of heparanase in T2DM patients in comparison to healthy subjects was also described (Shafat et al. 2011, Kolset et al. 2012, Rops et al. 2012). Additionally, it was found that the urine excretion of heparanase in T2DM patients correlates positively with the degree of albuminuria (Shafat et al. 2011, Rops et al. 2012). The data presented indicate, therefore, that heparanase plays an important role in modification and increased degradation of HS of the glomerular basement membrane and may contribute to development of diabetic nephropathy (Kolset et al. 2012).
Proteomics-inspired precision medicine for treating and understanding multiple myeloma
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2020
Matthew Ho, Giada Bianchi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Cell membrane protein glycosylation has also been studied in MM. MM cells express high levels of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 which mediate binding to E- and P-selectins [108]. This facilitates MM homing and adhesion to the cells in the BM microenvironment. Overexpression of ST3GAL6, a sialyltransferase that plays a key role in the synthesis of sialyl-Lewisx, predicts poor OS in MM [109]. Mechanistic studies reveal that knockdown of ST3GAL6 led to a reduction in α2-3-linked sialic acid on the MM cell surface membrane, which resulted in decreased stromal adhesion in vitro and reduced homing and engraftment in vivo [109]. Reduced FUCA1; an alpha-L-fucosidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of α1-3, α1-4, and α1-6 linked fucose; was also associated with poor OS in MM [110].
FUT2 genotype and secretory status are not associated with fecal microbial composition and inferred function in healthy subjects
Published in Gut Microbes, 2018
Williams Turpin, Larbi Bedrani, Osvaldo Espin-Garcia, Wei Xu, Mark S. Silverberg, Michelle I. Smith, David S. Guttman, Anne Griffiths, Paul Moayyedi, Remo Panaccione, Hien Huynh, Hillary Steinhart, Guy Aumais, Konstantin Shestopaloff, Levinus A. Dieleman, Dan Turner, Andrew D. Paterson, Kenneth Croitoru
COG categories related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism (class [G]) were not significantly associated in pair comparison. Examining subcategories of COG specifically related to fucose metabolism, i.e. COG2407 (L-fucose isomerase and related proteins), COG3594 (Fucose 4-O-acetylase and related acetyltransferases), COG0738 (Fucose permease), and COG3669 (Alpha-L-fucosidase) failed to identify a significant difference across genotype groups. However subcategory COG4154 (Fucose dissimilation pathway protein FucU) had a nominal association with FUT2 genotype (p-value <0.03) but this did not survive correction for multiple testing. Other COG function were nominally significant but were not closely link to fucose metabolism of the mucus (COG3465, an uncharacterized protein YwgA COG3676, a transposase and inactivated derivatives, COG3728, a phage terminase, and COG3774, a mannosyltransferase).